<i>Ammoides pusilla</i> Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and Its Enniatin Production
Enniatins are mycotoxins produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species contaminating cereals and various agricultural commodities. The co-occurrence of these mycotoxins in large quantities with other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and the possible synergies in toxicity could lead to serious foo...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6906 |
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| author | Yasmine Chakroun Souheib Oueslati Vessela Atanasova Florence Richard-Forget Manef Abderrabba Jean-Michel Savoie |
| author_facet | Yasmine Chakroun Souheib Oueslati Vessela Atanasova Florence Richard-Forget Manef Abderrabba Jean-Michel Savoie |
| author_sort | Yasmine Chakroun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Enniatins are mycotoxins produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species contaminating cereals and various agricultural commodities. The co-occurrence of these mycotoxins in large quantities with other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and the possible synergies in toxicity could lead to serious food safety problems. Using the agar dilution method, <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> was selected among eight Tunisian plants for the antifungal potential of its essential oil (EO) on <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> mycelial growth and its production of enniatins. Two EO batches were produced and analyzed by GC/MS-MS. Their activities were measured using both contact assays and fumigant tests (estimated IC50 were 0.1 µL·mL<sup>−1</sup> and 7.6 µL·L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). The <i>A. pusilla</i> EOs and their volatiles inhibited the germination of spores and the mycelial growth, showing a fungistatic but not fungicidal activity. The accumulation of enniatins was also significantly reduced (estimated IC50 were 0.05 µL·mL<sup>−1</sup> for the contact assays and 4.2 µL·L<sup>−1</sup> for the fumigation assays). The most active batch of EO was richer in thymol, the main volatile compound found. Thymol used as fumigant showed a potent fungistatic activity but not a significant antimycotoxigenic activity. Overall, our data demonstrated the bioactivity of <i>A. pusilla</i> EO and its high potential to control <i>F. avenaceum</i> and its enniatins production in agricultural commodities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:14:15Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:14:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4c1aced4b2849f48903c3f58f84c3e42023-11-23T00:35:33ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-11-012622690610.3390/molecules26226906<i>Ammoides pusilla</i> Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and Its Enniatin ProductionYasmine Chakroun0Souheib Oueslati1Vessela Atanasova2Florence Richard-Forget3Manef Abderrabba4Jean-Michel Savoie5UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety Research Unit (MycSA), INRAE, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, FranceLaboratory Molecules, Material and Applications (LMMA), Preparatory Institute of Scientific and Technical Studies of Tunis (IPEST), University of Carthage, Sidi Bou Said road, La Marsa B.P. 51 2070, TunisiaUR1264 Mycology and Food Safety Research Unit (MycSA), INRAE, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, FranceUR1264 Mycology and Food Safety Research Unit (MycSA), INRAE, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, FranceLaboratory Molecules, Material and Applications (LMMA), Preparatory Institute of Scientific and Technical Studies of Tunis (IPEST), University of Carthage, Sidi Bou Said road, La Marsa B.P. 51 2070, TunisiaUR1264 Mycology and Food Safety Research Unit (MycSA), INRAE, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, FranceEnniatins are mycotoxins produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species contaminating cereals and various agricultural commodities. The co-occurrence of these mycotoxins in large quantities with other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and the possible synergies in toxicity could lead to serious food safety problems. Using the agar dilution method, <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> was selected among eight Tunisian plants for the antifungal potential of its essential oil (EO) on <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> mycelial growth and its production of enniatins. Two EO batches were produced and analyzed by GC/MS-MS. Their activities were measured using both contact assays and fumigant tests (estimated IC50 were 0.1 µL·mL<sup>−1</sup> and 7.6 µL·L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). The <i>A. pusilla</i> EOs and their volatiles inhibited the germination of spores and the mycelial growth, showing a fungistatic but not fungicidal activity. The accumulation of enniatins was also significantly reduced (estimated IC50 were 0.05 µL·mL<sup>−1</sup> for the contact assays and 4.2 µL·L<sup>−1</sup> for the fumigation assays). The most active batch of EO was richer in thymol, the main volatile compound found. Thymol used as fumigant showed a potent fungistatic activity but not a significant antimycotoxigenic activity. Overall, our data demonstrated the bioactivity of <i>A. pusilla</i> EO and its high potential to control <i>F. avenaceum</i> and its enniatins production in agricultural commodities.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6906<i>Ammoides pusilla</i><i>Fusarium avenaceum</i>mycotoxinsfungistatic activityvolatilesGC/MS-MS |
| spellingShingle | Yasmine Chakroun Souheib Oueslati Vessela Atanasova Florence Richard-Forget Manef Abderrabba Jean-Michel Savoie <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and Its Enniatin Production Molecules <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> mycotoxins fungistatic activity volatiles GC/MS-MS |
| title | <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and Its Enniatin Production |
| title_full | <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and Its Enniatin Production |
| title_fullStr | <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and Its Enniatin Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and Its Enniatin Production |
| title_short | <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and Its Enniatin Production |
| title_sort | i ammoides pusilla i essential oil a potent inhibitor of the growth of i fusarium avenaceum i and its enniatin production |
| topic | <i>Ammoides pusilla</i> <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> mycotoxins fungistatic activity volatiles GC/MS-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6906 |
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