Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives
The search for possible alternatives to traditional flame retardants (FRs) is pushing the academic and industrial communities towards the design of new products that exhibit low environmental impact and toxicity, notwithstanding high performances, when put in contact with a flame or exposed to an ir...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/20/3774 |
| _version_ | 1819281548729384960 |
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| author | Giulio Malucelli |
| author_facet | Giulio Malucelli |
| author_sort | Giulio Malucelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The search for possible alternatives to traditional flame retardants (FRs) is pushing the academic and industrial communities towards the design of new products that exhibit low environmental impact and toxicity, notwithstanding high performances, when put in contact with a flame or exposed to an irradiative heat flux. In this context, in the last five to ten years, the suitability and effectiveness of some biomacromolecules and bio-sourced products with a specific chemical structure and composition as effective flame retardants for natural or synthetic textiles has been thoroughly explored at the lab-scale level. In particular, different proteins (such as whey proteins, caseins, and hydrophobins), nucleic acids and extracts from natural sources, even wastes and crops, have been selected and exploited for designing flame retardant finishing treatments for several fibers and fabrics. It was found that these biomacromolecules and bio-sourced products, which usually bear key elements (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur) can be easily applied to textiles using standard impregnation/exhaustion methods or even the layer-by-layer technique; moreover, these “green” products are mostly responsible for the formation of a stable protective char (i.e., a carbonaceous residue), as a result of the exposure of the textile substrate to a heat flux or a flame. This review is aimed at summarizing the development and the recent progress concerning the utilization of biomacromolecules/bio-sourced products as effective flame retardants for different textile materials. Furthermore, the existing drawbacks and limitations of the proposed finishing approaches as well as some possible further advances will be considered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:01:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4c25971555b4daaaa8118fb9053915d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:01:27Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4c25971555b4daaaa8118fb9053915d2022-12-21T17:23:21ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-10-012420377410.3390/molecules24203774molecules24203774Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future PerspectivesGiulio Malucelli0Department of Applied Science and Technology, and local INSTM Unit, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyThe search for possible alternatives to traditional flame retardants (FRs) is pushing the academic and industrial communities towards the design of new products that exhibit low environmental impact and toxicity, notwithstanding high performances, when put in contact with a flame or exposed to an irradiative heat flux. In this context, in the last five to ten years, the suitability and effectiveness of some biomacromolecules and bio-sourced products with a specific chemical structure and composition as effective flame retardants for natural or synthetic textiles has been thoroughly explored at the lab-scale level. In particular, different proteins (such as whey proteins, caseins, and hydrophobins), nucleic acids and extracts from natural sources, even wastes and crops, have been selected and exploited for designing flame retardant finishing treatments for several fibers and fabrics. It was found that these biomacromolecules and bio-sourced products, which usually bear key elements (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur) can be easily applied to textiles using standard impregnation/exhaustion methods or even the layer-by-layer technique; moreover, these “green” products are mostly responsible for the formation of a stable protective char (i.e., a carbonaceous residue), as a result of the exposure of the textile substrate to a heat flux or a flame. This review is aimed at summarizing the development and the recent progress concerning the utilization of biomacromolecules/bio-sourced products as effective flame retardants for different textile materials. Furthermore, the existing drawbacks and limitations of the proposed finishing approaches as well as some possible further advances will be considered.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/20/3774flame retardancecottonjutepolyestersilkwoolbiomacromoleculescaseinswhey proteinshydrophobinschitosandeoxyribonucleic acidphytic acidtanninslayer by layer techniquecone calorimetryflammability tests |
| spellingShingle | Giulio Malucelli Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives Molecules flame retardance cotton jute polyester silk wool biomacromolecules caseins whey proteins hydrophobins chitosan deoxyribonucleic acid phytic acid tannins layer by layer technique cone calorimetry flammability tests |
| title | Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | biomacromolecules and bio sourced products for the design of flame retarded fabrics current state of the art and future perspectives |
| topic | flame retardance cotton jute polyester silk wool biomacromolecules caseins whey proteins hydrophobins chitosan deoxyribonucleic acid phytic acid tannins layer by layer technique cone calorimetry flammability tests |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/20/3774 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giuliomalucelli biomacromoleculesandbiosourcedproductsforthedesignofflameretardedfabricscurrentstateoftheartandfutureperspectives |