The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products
The biological response of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is related to their physicochemical properties and a thorough MWNT characterization should accompany an assessment of their biological activity, including their potential toxicity. Beyond characterizing the physicochemical properties o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/10/1930 |
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| author | Mai T. Huynh Jean Francois Veyan Hong Pham Raina Rahman Samad Yousuf Alexander Brown Jason Lin Kenneth J. Balkus Shashini D. Diwakara Ronald A. Smaldone Bryanna LeGrand Carole Mikoryak Rockford Draper Paul Pantano |
| author_facet | Mai T. Huynh Jean Francois Veyan Hong Pham Raina Rahman Samad Yousuf Alexander Brown Jason Lin Kenneth J. Balkus Shashini D. Diwakara Ronald A. Smaldone Bryanna LeGrand Carole Mikoryak Rockford Draper Paul Pantano |
| author_sort | Mai T. Huynh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The biological response of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is related to their physicochemical properties and a thorough MWNT characterization should accompany an assessment of their biological activity, including their potential toxicity. Beyond characterizing the physicochemical properties of MWNTs from different sources or manufacturers, it is also important to characterize different production lots of the same MWNT product from the same vendor (i.e., lot-to-lot batch consistency). Herein, we present a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of two lots of commercial pristine MWNTs (pMWNTs) and carboxylated MWNTs (cMWNTs) used to study the response of mammalian macrophages to MWNTs. There were many similarities between the physicochemical properties of the two lots of cMWNTs and neither significantly diminished the 24-h proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages up to the highest concentration tested (200 μg cMWNTs/mL). Conversely, several physicochemical properties of the two lots of pMWNTs were different; notably, the newer lot of pMWNTs displayed less oxidative stability, a higher defect density, and a smaller amount of surface oxygen species relative to the original lot. Furthermore, a 72-h half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) of ~90 µg pMWNTs/mL was determined for RAW 264.7 cells with the new lot of pMWNTs. These results demonstrate that subtle physicochemical differences can lead to significantly dissimilar cellular responses, and that production-lot consistency must be considered when assessing the toxicity of MWNTs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:01:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4c2afdfc72344d9b8084bc6e4f2d6c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:01:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4c2afdfc72344d9b8084bc6e4f2d6c72023-11-20T15:19:45ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-09-011010193010.3390/nano10101930The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube ProductsMai T. Huynh0Jean Francois Veyan1Hong Pham2Raina Rahman3Samad Yousuf4Alexander Brown5Jason Lin6Kenneth J. Balkus7Shashini D. Diwakara8Ronald A. Smaldone9Bryanna LeGrand10Carole Mikoryak11Rockford Draper12Paul Pantano13Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USAThe biological response of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is related to their physicochemical properties and a thorough MWNT characterization should accompany an assessment of their biological activity, including their potential toxicity. Beyond characterizing the physicochemical properties of MWNTs from different sources or manufacturers, it is also important to characterize different production lots of the same MWNT product from the same vendor (i.e., lot-to-lot batch consistency). Herein, we present a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of two lots of commercial pristine MWNTs (pMWNTs) and carboxylated MWNTs (cMWNTs) used to study the response of mammalian macrophages to MWNTs. There were many similarities between the physicochemical properties of the two lots of cMWNTs and neither significantly diminished the 24-h proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages up to the highest concentration tested (200 μg cMWNTs/mL). Conversely, several physicochemical properties of the two lots of pMWNTs were different; notably, the newer lot of pMWNTs displayed less oxidative stability, a higher defect density, and a smaller amount of surface oxygen species relative to the original lot. Furthermore, a 72-h half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) of ~90 µg pMWNTs/mL was determined for RAW 264.7 cells with the new lot of pMWNTs. These results demonstrate that subtle physicochemical differences can lead to significantly dissimilar cellular responses, and that production-lot consistency must be considered when assessing the toxicity of MWNTs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/10/1930nanotoxicitynanomedicineengineered nanoparticlescarbon nanomaterialsmacrophages |
| spellingShingle | Mai T. Huynh Jean Francois Veyan Hong Pham Raina Rahman Samad Yousuf Alexander Brown Jason Lin Kenneth J. Balkus Shashini D. Diwakara Ronald A. Smaldone Bryanna LeGrand Carole Mikoryak Rockford Draper Paul Pantano The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products Nanomaterials nanotoxicity nanomedicine engineered nanoparticles carbon nanomaterials macrophages |
| title | The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products |
| title_full | The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products |
| title_fullStr | The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products |
| title_short | The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products |
| title_sort | importance of evaluating the lot to lot batch consistency of commercial multi walled carbon nanotube products |
| topic | nanotoxicity nanomedicine engineered nanoparticles carbon nanomaterials macrophages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/10/1930 |
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