Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans.
Retroviral infections of the germline have the potential to episodically alter gene function and genome structure during the course of evolution. Horizontal transmissions between species have been proposed, but little evidence exists for such events in the human/great ape lineage of evolution. Based...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2005-04-01
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| Series: | PLoS Biology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030110 |
| _version_ | 1829499108252975104 |
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| author | Chris T Yohn Zhaoshi Jiang Sean D McGrath Karen E Hayden Philipp Khaitovich Matthew E Johnson Marla Y Eichler John D McPherson Shaying Zhao Svante Pääbo Evan E Eichler |
| author_facet | Chris T Yohn Zhaoshi Jiang Sean D McGrath Karen E Hayden Philipp Khaitovich Matthew E Johnson Marla Y Eichler John D McPherson Shaying Zhao Svante Pääbo Evan E Eichler |
| author_sort | Chris T Yohn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Retroviral infections of the germline have the potential to episodically alter gene function and genome structure during the course of evolution. Horizontal transmissions between species have been proposed, but little evidence exists for such events in the human/great ape lineage of evolution. Based on analysis of finished BAC chimpanzee genome sequence, we characterize a retroviral element (Pan troglodytes endogenous retrovirus 1 [PTERV1]) that has become integrated in the germline of African great ape and Old World monkey species but is absent from humans and Asian ape genomes. We unambiguously map 287 retroviral integration sites and determine that approximately 95.8% of the insertions occur at non-orthologous regions between closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis of the endogenous retrovirus reveals that the gorilla and chimpanzee elements share a monophyletic origin with a subset of the Old World monkey retroviral elements, but that the average sequence divergence exceeds neutral expectation for a strictly nuclear inherited DNA molecule. Within the chimpanzee, there is a significant integration bias against genes, with only 14 of these insertions mapping within intronic regions. Six out of ten of these genes, for which there are expression data, show significant differences in transcript expression between human and chimpanzee. Our data are consistent with a retroviral infection that bombarded the genomes of chimpanzees and gorillas independently and concurrently, 3-4 million years ago. We speculate on the potential impact of such recent events on the evolution of humans and great apes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:27:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4c90a9daaae46a2b92783c6c258b389 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1544-9173 1545-7885 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:27:04Z |
| publishDate | 2005-04-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4c90a9daaae46a2b92783c6c258b3892022-12-21T22:37:58ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852005-04-0134e11010.1371/journal.pbio.0030110Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans.Chris T YohnZhaoshi JiangSean D McGrathKaren E HaydenPhilipp KhaitovichMatthew E JohnsonMarla Y EichlerJohn D McPhersonShaying ZhaoSvante PääboEvan E EichlerRetroviral infections of the germline have the potential to episodically alter gene function and genome structure during the course of evolution. Horizontal transmissions between species have been proposed, but little evidence exists for such events in the human/great ape lineage of evolution. Based on analysis of finished BAC chimpanzee genome sequence, we characterize a retroviral element (Pan troglodytes endogenous retrovirus 1 [PTERV1]) that has become integrated in the germline of African great ape and Old World monkey species but is absent from humans and Asian ape genomes. We unambiguously map 287 retroviral integration sites and determine that approximately 95.8% of the insertions occur at non-orthologous regions between closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis of the endogenous retrovirus reveals that the gorilla and chimpanzee elements share a monophyletic origin with a subset of the Old World monkey retroviral elements, but that the average sequence divergence exceeds neutral expectation for a strictly nuclear inherited DNA molecule. Within the chimpanzee, there is a significant integration bias against genes, with only 14 of these insertions mapping within intronic regions. Six out of ten of these genes, for which there are expression data, show significant differences in transcript expression between human and chimpanzee. Our data are consistent with a retroviral infection that bombarded the genomes of chimpanzees and gorillas independently and concurrently, 3-4 million years ago. We speculate on the potential impact of such recent events on the evolution of humans and great apes.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030110 |
| spellingShingle | Chris T Yohn Zhaoshi Jiang Sean D McGrath Karen E Hayden Philipp Khaitovich Matthew E Johnson Marla Y Eichler John D McPherson Shaying Zhao Svante Pääbo Evan E Eichler Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans. PLoS Biology |
| title | Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans. |
| title_full | Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans. |
| title_fullStr | Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans. |
| title_short | Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans. |
| title_sort | lineage specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of african great apes but not humans and orangutans |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030110 |
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