Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat diets
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional behavior and some immunological criteria (encapsulation index and phenoloxidase – PO activity, the key enzyme for melanization) as well as to study the effect of protein to fat (P : F) diets on hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) protein content. Bees were restric...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Polish Academy of Sciences
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Plant Protection Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/127253/PDF/OA_01_JPPR_63_2_1529_El-Esawy.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797794995267174400 |
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| author | Mushtaq T. Al-Esawy |
| author_facet | Mushtaq T. Al-Esawy |
| author_sort | Mushtaq T. Al-Esawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional behavior and some immunological criteria (encapsulation index and phenoloxidase – PO activity, the key enzyme for melanization) as well as to study the effect of protein to fat (P : F) diets on hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) protein content. Bees were restricted to consuming specific P : F diets varying in fat ratio under laboratory conditions. These diets included 25 : 1, 10 : 1, 5 : 1 (low-fat diet, LFD); 1 : 1 (equal-fat diet); 1 : 5, 1 : 10 (high-fat diet, HFD), and 1 : 0 (zero-fat diet) as a control. Bees preferred low-fat diets over high-fat diets, where it was 11.27 ± 0.68 μl · day–1 bee in 10 : 1 P : F, while it was 4.99 ± 0.67 μl · day–1 bee in 1 : 10 P : F. However, sucrose consumption was higher in high-fat diets where it was 25.83 ± 1.69 μl · day –1 bee in 10 : 1 P: F, while it was 30.66 ± 0.9 μl · day–1 bee in 1 : 10 P : F. The encapsulation index and phenoloxidase activity of bees were positively linked with the fat level they consumed during all 10 days. The maximum percentage of encapsulation index was 74.6 ± 7.2% in bees fed a high-fat diet, whereas the minimum percentage was 16.5 ± 3.6% in bees which consumed a lowfat diet. Similarly, phenoloxidase activity increased in the haemolymph with increasing fat consumed by bees (0.001 ± 0.0001 and 0.005 ± 0.0003 mM · min –1 · mg –1 at 25 : 1 and 1 : 10 P : F, respectively). The protein content of hypopharyngeal glands in bees which consumed HFD was double that of LFD. Overall results suggest a connection between a fat diet and bee health, indicating that colony losses in some cases can be reduced by providing a certain level of fat supplemental feeding along with sucrose and protein nutrition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:11:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4d1d51b358340bc9d74d99ab4710b8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1427-4345 1899-007X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:11:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Polish Academy of Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Plant Protection Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4d1d51b358340bc9d74d99ab4710b8f2023-06-26T13:42:47ZengPolish Academy of SciencesJournal of Plant Protection Research1427-43451899-007X2023-05-01vol. 63No 2185195https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.145753Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat dietsMushtaq T. Al-Esawy0Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Najaf, IraqThis study aimed to evaluate the nutritional behavior and some immunological criteria (encapsulation index and phenoloxidase – PO activity, the key enzyme for melanization) as well as to study the effect of protein to fat (P : F) diets on hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) protein content. Bees were restricted to consuming specific P : F diets varying in fat ratio under laboratory conditions. These diets included 25 : 1, 10 : 1, 5 : 1 (low-fat diet, LFD); 1 : 1 (equal-fat diet); 1 : 5, 1 : 10 (high-fat diet, HFD), and 1 : 0 (zero-fat diet) as a control. Bees preferred low-fat diets over high-fat diets, where it was 11.27 ± 0.68 μl · day–1 bee in 10 : 1 P : F, while it was 4.99 ± 0.67 μl · day–1 bee in 1 : 10 P : F. However, sucrose consumption was higher in high-fat diets where it was 25.83 ± 1.69 μl · day –1 bee in 10 : 1 P: F, while it was 30.66 ± 0.9 μl · day–1 bee in 1 : 10 P : F. The encapsulation index and phenoloxidase activity of bees were positively linked with the fat level they consumed during all 10 days. The maximum percentage of encapsulation index was 74.6 ± 7.2% in bees fed a high-fat diet, whereas the minimum percentage was 16.5 ± 3.6% in bees which consumed a lowfat diet. Similarly, phenoloxidase activity increased in the haemolymph with increasing fat consumed by bees (0.001 ± 0.0001 and 0.005 ± 0.0003 mM · min –1 · mg –1 at 25 : 1 and 1 : 10 P : F, respectively). The protein content of hypopharyngeal glands in bees which consumed HFD was double that of LFD. Overall results suggest a connection between a fat diet and bee health, indicating that colony losses in some cases can be reduced by providing a certain level of fat supplemental feeding along with sucrose and protein nutrition.https://journals.pan.pl/Content/127253/PDF/OA_01_JPPR_63_2_1529_El-Esawy.pdffatencapsulationhoney beeimmunityphenoloxidaseprotein |
| spellingShingle | Mushtaq T. Al-Esawy Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat diets Journal of Plant Protection Research fat encapsulation honey bee immunity phenoloxidase protein |
| title | Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat diets |
| title_full | Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat diets |
| title_fullStr | Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat diets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat diets |
| title_short | Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat diets |
| title_sort | honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high fat diets |
| topic | fat encapsulation honey bee immunity phenoloxidase protein |
| url | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/127253/PDF/OA_01_JPPR_63_2_1529_El-Esawy.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mushtaqtalesawy honeybeeimmunityandphysiologyareenhancedbyconsuminghighfatdiets |