3.6 mW Active-Electrode ECG/ETI Sensor System Using Wideband Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier and High Impedance Balanced Current Driver
An active electrode (AE) and back-end (BE) integrated system for enhanced electrocardiogram (ECG)/electrode-tissue impedance (ETI) measurement is proposed. The AE consists of a balanced current driver and a preamplifier. To increase the output impedance, the current driver uses a matched current sou...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2536 |
| _version_ | 1797614393250283520 |
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| author | Xuan Tien Nguyen Muhammad Ali Jong-Wook Lee |
| author_facet | Xuan Tien Nguyen Muhammad Ali Jong-Wook Lee |
| author_sort | Xuan Tien Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An active electrode (AE) and back-end (BE) integrated system for enhanced electrocardiogram (ECG)/electrode-tissue impedance (ETI) measurement is proposed. The AE consists of a balanced current driver and a preamplifier. To increase the output impedance, the current driver uses a matched current source and sink, which operates under negative feedback. To increase the linear input range, a new source degeneration method is proposed. The preamplifier is realized using a capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) with a ripple-reduction loop (RRL). Compared to the traditional Miller compensation, active frequency feedback compensation (AFFC) achieves bandwidth extension using the reduced size of the compensation capacitor. The BE performs three types of signal sensing: ECG, band power (BP), and impedance (IMP) data. The BP channel is used to detect the Q-, R-, and S-wave (QRS) complex in the ECG signal. The IMP channel measures the resistance and reactance of the electrode-tissue. The integrated circuits for the ECG/ETI system are realized in the 180 nm CMOS process and occupy a 1.26 mm<sup>2</sup> area. The measured results show that the current driver supplies a relatively high current (>600 μA<sub>pp</sub>) and achieves a high output impedance (1 MΩ at 500 kHz). The ETI system can detect resistance and capacitance in the ranges of 10 mΩ–3 kΩ and 100 nF–100 μF, respectively. The ECG/ETI system consumes 3.6 mW using a single 1.8 V supply. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:10:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4d717150ade464cbfd3b1d8b0d1fb0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:10:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4d717150ade464cbfd3b1d8b0d1fb0d2023-11-17T08:36:08ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-02-01235253610.3390/s230525363.6 mW Active-Electrode ECG/ETI Sensor System Using Wideband Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier and High Impedance Balanced Current DriverXuan Tien Nguyen0Muhammad Ali1Jong-Wook Lee2Information and Communication System-on-Chip (SoC) Research Center, School of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of KoreaInformation and Communication System-on-Chip (SoC) Research Center, School of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of KoreaInformation and Communication System-on-Chip (SoC) Research Center, School of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of KoreaAn active electrode (AE) and back-end (BE) integrated system for enhanced electrocardiogram (ECG)/electrode-tissue impedance (ETI) measurement is proposed. The AE consists of a balanced current driver and a preamplifier. To increase the output impedance, the current driver uses a matched current source and sink, which operates under negative feedback. To increase the linear input range, a new source degeneration method is proposed. The preamplifier is realized using a capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) with a ripple-reduction loop (RRL). Compared to the traditional Miller compensation, active frequency feedback compensation (AFFC) achieves bandwidth extension using the reduced size of the compensation capacitor. The BE performs three types of signal sensing: ECG, band power (BP), and impedance (IMP) data. The BP channel is used to detect the Q-, R-, and S-wave (QRS) complex in the ECG signal. The IMP channel measures the resistance and reactance of the electrode-tissue. The integrated circuits for the ECG/ETI system are realized in the 180 nm CMOS process and occupy a 1.26 mm<sup>2</sup> area. The measured results show that the current driver supplies a relatively high current (>600 μA<sub>pp</sub>) and achieves a high output impedance (1 MΩ at 500 kHz). The ETI system can detect resistance and capacitance in the ranges of 10 mΩ–3 kΩ and 100 nF–100 μF, respectively. The ECG/ETI system consumes 3.6 mW using a single 1.8 V supply.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2536active electrodebioimpedanceelectrocardiogrampreamplifierintegrated circuit |
| spellingShingle | Xuan Tien Nguyen Muhammad Ali Jong-Wook Lee 3.6 mW Active-Electrode ECG/ETI Sensor System Using Wideband Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier and High Impedance Balanced Current Driver Sensors active electrode bioimpedance electrocardiogram preamplifier integrated circuit |
| title | 3.6 mW Active-Electrode ECG/ETI Sensor System Using Wideband Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier and High Impedance Balanced Current Driver |
| title_full | 3.6 mW Active-Electrode ECG/ETI Sensor System Using Wideband Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier and High Impedance Balanced Current Driver |
| title_fullStr | 3.6 mW Active-Electrode ECG/ETI Sensor System Using Wideband Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier and High Impedance Balanced Current Driver |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3.6 mW Active-Electrode ECG/ETI Sensor System Using Wideband Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier and High Impedance Balanced Current Driver |
| title_short | 3.6 mW Active-Electrode ECG/ETI Sensor System Using Wideband Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier and High Impedance Balanced Current Driver |
| title_sort | 3 6 mw active electrode ecg eti sensor system using wideband low noise instrumentation amplifier and high impedance balanced current driver |
| topic | active electrode bioimpedance electrocardiogram preamplifier integrated circuit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2536 |
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