Stripe Rust Effector Pst_9302 Inhibits Wheat Immunity to Promote Susceptibility
<i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> is an obligate biotrophic fungus that causes destructive stripe rust disease in wheat. During infection, <i>Pst</i> secretes virulence effectors via a specific infection structure—the haustorium—inside host cells t...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/1/94 |
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| author | Haibin Zhao Jiangyu Huang Xiaoyan Zhao Ligang Yu Xiaodong Wang Congcong Zhao Hojjatollah Rabbani nasab Chunlei Tang Xiaojie Wang |
| author_facet | Haibin Zhao Jiangyu Huang Xiaoyan Zhao Ligang Yu Xiaodong Wang Congcong Zhao Hojjatollah Rabbani nasab Chunlei Tang Xiaojie Wang |
| author_sort | Haibin Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> is an obligate biotrophic fungus that causes destructive stripe rust disease in wheat. During infection, <i>Pst</i> secretes virulence effectors via a specific infection structure—the haustorium—inside host cells to disturb host immunity and promote fungal colonization and expansion. Hence, the identification and functional analyses of <i>Pst</i> effectors are of great significance in deciphering the <i>Pst</i> pathogenicity mechanism. Here, we identified one candidate <i>Pst</i> effector Pst_9302 that could suppress Bax-triggered cell death in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. qRT-PCR analyses showed that the transcript levels of <i>Pst_9302</i> were highly increased during the early infection stages of <i>Pst</i>. The transient expression of <i>Pst_9302</i> in wheat via the type-three secretion system (T3SS) significantly inhibited the callose deposition induced by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> EtHAn. During wheat–<i>Pst</i> interaction, <i>Pst_9302</i> overexpression suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death caused by the avirulent <i>Pst</i> race CYR23. The host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) of <i>Pst_9302</i> resulted in decreased <i>Pst</i> pathogenicity with reduced infection area. The results suggest that Pst_9302 plays a virulence role in suppressing plant immunity and promoting <i>Pst</i> pathogenicity. Moreover, wheat voltage-dependent anion channel 1 protein (TaVDAC1) was identified as candidate Pst_9302-interacting proteins by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening. Pull-down assays using the His-Pst_9302 and GST-TaVDAC1 protein verified their interactions. These results suggest that Pst_9302 may modulate wheat TaVDAC1 to regulate plant immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:59:37Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:59:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b4e16c7e61d646f89be36ceffc08841a2024-01-10T15:06:15ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-12-011319410.3390/plants13010094Stripe Rust Effector Pst_9302 Inhibits Wheat Immunity to Promote SusceptibilityHaibin Zhao0Jiangyu Huang1Xiaoyan Zhao2Ligang Yu3Xiaodong Wang4Congcong Zhao5Hojjatollah Rabbani nasab6Chunlei Tang7Xiaojie Wang8State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress, Plant Protection Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, Gorgan P.O. Box 49156-77555, IranState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China<i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> is an obligate biotrophic fungus that causes destructive stripe rust disease in wheat. During infection, <i>Pst</i> secretes virulence effectors via a specific infection structure—the haustorium—inside host cells to disturb host immunity and promote fungal colonization and expansion. Hence, the identification and functional analyses of <i>Pst</i> effectors are of great significance in deciphering the <i>Pst</i> pathogenicity mechanism. Here, we identified one candidate <i>Pst</i> effector Pst_9302 that could suppress Bax-triggered cell death in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. qRT-PCR analyses showed that the transcript levels of <i>Pst_9302</i> were highly increased during the early infection stages of <i>Pst</i>. The transient expression of <i>Pst_9302</i> in wheat via the type-three secretion system (T3SS) significantly inhibited the callose deposition induced by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> EtHAn. During wheat–<i>Pst</i> interaction, <i>Pst_9302</i> overexpression suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death caused by the avirulent <i>Pst</i> race CYR23. The host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) of <i>Pst_9302</i> resulted in decreased <i>Pst</i> pathogenicity with reduced infection area. The results suggest that Pst_9302 plays a virulence role in suppressing plant immunity and promoting <i>Pst</i> pathogenicity. Moreover, wheat voltage-dependent anion channel 1 protein (TaVDAC1) was identified as candidate Pst_9302-interacting proteins by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening. Pull-down assays using the His-Pst_9302 and GST-TaVDAC1 protein verified their interactions. These results suggest that Pst_9302 may modulate wheat TaVDAC1 to regulate plant immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/1/94<i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>effectorHIGSVDAC1plant immunity |
| spellingShingle | Haibin Zhao Jiangyu Huang Xiaoyan Zhao Ligang Yu Xiaodong Wang Congcong Zhao Hojjatollah Rabbani nasab Chunlei Tang Xiaojie Wang Stripe Rust Effector Pst_9302 Inhibits Wheat Immunity to Promote Susceptibility Plants <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> effector HIGS VDAC1 plant immunity |
| title | Stripe Rust Effector Pst_9302 Inhibits Wheat Immunity to Promote Susceptibility |
| title_full | Stripe Rust Effector Pst_9302 Inhibits Wheat Immunity to Promote Susceptibility |
| title_fullStr | Stripe Rust Effector Pst_9302 Inhibits Wheat Immunity to Promote Susceptibility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stripe Rust Effector Pst_9302 Inhibits Wheat Immunity to Promote Susceptibility |
| title_short | Stripe Rust Effector Pst_9302 Inhibits Wheat Immunity to Promote Susceptibility |
| title_sort | stripe rust effector pst 9302 inhibits wheat immunity to promote susceptibility |
| topic | <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> effector HIGS VDAC1 plant immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/1/94 |
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