TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
Trichomes are common appendages originating and projecting from the epidermal cell layer of most terrestrial plants. They act as a first line of defense and protect plants against different types of adverse environmental factors. GL3/EGL3-GL1-TTG1 transcriptional activator complex and GIS family gen...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6698 |
| _version_ | 1797607759184658432 |
|---|---|
| author | Yihua Liu Shuaiqi Yang Ali Raza Khan Yinbo Gan |
| author_facet | Yihua Liu Shuaiqi Yang Ali Raza Khan Yinbo Gan |
| author_sort | Yihua Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trichomes are common appendages originating and projecting from the epidermal cell layer of most terrestrial plants. They act as a first line of defense and protect plants against different types of adverse environmental factors. GL3/EGL3-GL1-TTG1 transcriptional activator complex and GIS family genes regulate trichome initiation through gibberellin (GA) signaling in <i>Arabidopsis.</i> Here, our novel findings show that TOE1/TOE2, which are involved in developmental timing, control the initiation of the main-stem inflorescence trichome in <i>Arabidopsis.</i> Phenotype analysis showed that the <i>35S:TOE1</i> transgenic line increases trichome density of the main-stem inflorescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, while <i>35S:miR172b</i>, <i>toe1</i>, <i>toe2</i> and <i>toe1toe2</i> have the opposite phenotypes. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that <i>TOE1</i>/<i>TOE2</i> positively regulate the expression of <i>GL3</i> and <i>GL1.</i> In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis experiments further demonstrated that TOE1/TOE2 interacting with GIS/GIS2/ZFP8 regulate trichome initiation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Furthermore, phenotype and expression analysis also demonstrated that TOE1 is involved in GA signaling to control trichome initiation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Taken together, our results suggest that TOE1/TOE2 interact with GIS to control trichome development in <i>Arabidopsis.</i> This report could provide valuable information for further study of the interaction of TOE1/TOE2 with GIS in controlling trichome development in plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:34:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4f4876599994530ae26619710505fa0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:34:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4f4876599994530ae26619710505fa02023-11-17T16:54:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01247669810.3390/ijms24076698TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in <i>Arabidopsis</i>Yihua Liu0Shuaiqi Yang1Ali Raza Khan2Yinbo Gan3College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaZhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaZhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaZhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaTrichomes are common appendages originating and projecting from the epidermal cell layer of most terrestrial plants. They act as a first line of defense and protect plants against different types of adverse environmental factors. GL3/EGL3-GL1-TTG1 transcriptional activator complex and GIS family genes regulate trichome initiation through gibberellin (GA) signaling in <i>Arabidopsis.</i> Here, our novel findings show that TOE1/TOE2, which are involved in developmental timing, control the initiation of the main-stem inflorescence trichome in <i>Arabidopsis.</i> Phenotype analysis showed that the <i>35S:TOE1</i> transgenic line increases trichome density of the main-stem inflorescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, while <i>35S:miR172b</i>, <i>toe1</i>, <i>toe2</i> and <i>toe1toe2</i> have the opposite phenotypes. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that <i>TOE1</i>/<i>TOE2</i> positively regulate the expression of <i>GL3</i> and <i>GL1.</i> In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis experiments further demonstrated that TOE1/TOE2 interacting with GIS/GIS2/ZFP8 regulate trichome initiation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Furthermore, phenotype and expression analysis also demonstrated that TOE1 is involved in GA signaling to control trichome initiation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Taken together, our results suggest that TOE1/TOE2 interact with GIS to control trichome development in <i>Arabidopsis.</i> This report could provide valuable information for further study of the interaction of TOE1/TOE2 with GIS in controlling trichome development in plants.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6698trichomeTOE1GISprotein interaction<i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Yihua Liu Shuaiqi Yang Ali Raza Khan Yinbo Gan TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences trichome TOE1 GIS protein interaction <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title | TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_full | TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_fullStr | TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_short | TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_sort | toe1 toe2 interacting with gis to control trichome development in i arabidopsis i |
| topic | trichome TOE1 GIS protein interaction <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6698 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yihualiu toe1toe2interactingwithgistocontroltrichomedevelopmentiniarabidopsisi AT shuaiqiyang toe1toe2interactingwithgistocontroltrichomedevelopmentiniarabidopsisi AT alirazakhan toe1toe2interactingwithgistocontroltrichomedevelopmentiniarabidopsisi AT yinbogan toe1toe2interactingwithgistocontroltrichomedevelopmentiniarabidopsisi |