Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process, through which damaged organelles and superfluous proteins are degraded, for maintaining the correct cellular balance during stress insult. It involves formation of double-membrane vesicles, named autophagosomes, that capture cytosolic cargo...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/3/725 |
| _version_ | 1798043521403322368 |
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| author | Maria Condello Evelin Pellegrini Michele Caraglia Stefania Meschini |
| author_facet | Maria Condello Evelin Pellegrini Michele Caraglia Stefania Meschini |
| author_sort | Maria Condello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process, through which damaged organelles and superfluous proteins are degraded, for maintaining the correct cellular balance during stress insult. It involves formation of double-membrane vesicles, named autophagosomes, that capture cytosolic cargo and deliver it to lysosomes, where the breakdown products are recycled back to cytoplasm. On the basis of degraded cell components, some selective types of autophagy can be identified (mitophagy, ribophagy, reticulophagy, lysophagy, pexophagy, lipophagy, and glycophagy). Dysregulation of autophagy can induce various disease manifestations, such as inflammation, aging, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The understanding of the molecular mechanism that regulates the different phases of the autophagic process and the role in the development of diseases are only in an early stage. There are still questions that must be answered concerning the functions of the autophagy-related proteins. In this review, we describe the principal cellular and molecular autophagic functions, selective types of autophagy and the main in vitro methods to detect the role of autophagy in the cellular physiology. We also summarize the importance of the autophagic behavior in some diseases to provide a novel insight for target therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:49:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4f99b2f794649378d097c7b0a3bfdc2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:49:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4f99b2f794649378d097c7b0a3bfdc22022-12-22T03:58:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-02-0120372510.3390/ijms20030725ijms20030725Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human DiseasesMaria Condello0Evelin Pellegrini1Michele Caraglia2Stefania Meschini3National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, ItalyNational Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, ItalyAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process, through which damaged organelles and superfluous proteins are degraded, for maintaining the correct cellular balance during stress insult. It involves formation of double-membrane vesicles, named autophagosomes, that capture cytosolic cargo and deliver it to lysosomes, where the breakdown products are recycled back to cytoplasm. On the basis of degraded cell components, some selective types of autophagy can be identified (mitophagy, ribophagy, reticulophagy, lysophagy, pexophagy, lipophagy, and glycophagy). Dysregulation of autophagy can induce various disease manifestations, such as inflammation, aging, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The understanding of the molecular mechanism that regulates the different phases of the autophagic process and the role in the development of diseases are only in an early stage. There are still questions that must be answered concerning the functions of the autophagy-related proteins. In this review, we describe the principal cellular and molecular autophagic functions, selective types of autophagy and the main in vitro methods to detect the role of autophagy in the cellular physiology. We also summarize the importance of the autophagic behavior in some diseases to provide a novel insight for target therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/3/725autophagycell survivalcell deathtarget therapyinflammationmetabolic diseasesneurodegenerative diseasesautoimmune diseasesagingcancer |
| spellingShingle | Maria Condello Evelin Pellegrini Michele Caraglia Stefania Meschini Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences autophagy cell survival cell death target therapy inflammation metabolic diseases neurodegenerative diseases autoimmune diseases aging cancer |
| title | Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases |
| title_full | Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases |
| title_short | Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases |
| title_sort | targeting autophagy to overcome human diseases |
| topic | autophagy cell survival cell death target therapy inflammation metabolic diseases neurodegenerative diseases autoimmune diseases aging cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/3/725 |
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