Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells
Abstract Background Among the food additives used in the food industry, food dyes are considered the most toxic. For instance, tartrazine (TRZ) is a food colorant commercially available with conflicting data regarding its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to ev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7 |
| _version_ | 1797977289419390976 |
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| author | Jailson Rodrigues dos Santos Larissa de Sousa Soares Bruno Moreira Soares Marlene de Gomes Farias Victor Alves de Oliveira Natan Antônio Batista de Sousa Helber Alves Negreiros Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva Ana Paula Peron Ana Carolina Landim Pacheco Márcia Maria Mendes Marques Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves Raquel Carvalho Montenegro Muhammad Torequl Islam Javad Sharifi-Rad Mohammad S. Mubarak Ana Amélia Carvalho de Melo Cavalcante João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa |
| author_facet | Jailson Rodrigues dos Santos Larissa de Sousa Soares Bruno Moreira Soares Marlene de Gomes Farias Victor Alves de Oliveira Natan Antônio Batista de Sousa Helber Alves Negreiros Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva Ana Paula Peron Ana Carolina Landim Pacheco Márcia Maria Mendes Marques Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves Raquel Carvalho Montenegro Muhammad Torequl Islam Javad Sharifi-Rad Mohammad S. Mubarak Ana Amélia Carvalho de Melo Cavalcante João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa |
| author_sort | Jailson Rodrigues dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Among the food additives used in the food industry, food dyes are considered the most toxic. For instance, tartrazine (TRZ) is a food colorant commercially available with conflicting data regarding its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of TRZ using different eukaryotic cells (in vitro). Methods This study employed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), brine shrimp lethality, Allium cepa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae tests. Different concentrations of TRZ and different exposure times were used in this study. Results The results demonstrate that TRZ induced a concentration-dependent toxic effect on the test systems. It also exerted cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and human gastric cells. In addition, TRZ showed mutagenic effects on the A. cepa test system. However, its toxicogenic effects may not relate to the oxidizing activity, which was confirmed by the S. cerevisiae test model. Conclusion Taken together, TRZ exerted toxicogenic effects on the test systems. Therefore, it may be harmful to health, especially its prolonged use may trigger carcinogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:04:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4fda75941af4b3ab0a7e46f62b3c0a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-6511 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:04:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4fda75941af4b3ab0a7e46f62b3c0a22022-12-25T12:29:06ZengBMCBMC Pharmacology and Toxicology2050-65112022-12-0123111010.1186/s40360-022-00638-7Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cellsJailson Rodrigues dos Santos0Larissa de Sousa Soares1Bruno Moreira Soares2Marlene de Gomes Farias3Victor Alves de Oliveira4Natan Antônio Batista de Sousa5Helber Alves Negreiros6Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva7Ana Paula Peron8Ana Carolina Landim Pacheco9Márcia Maria Mendes Marques10Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves11Raquel Carvalho Montenegro12Muhammad Torequl Islam13Javad Sharifi-Rad14Mohammad S. Mubarak15Ana Amélia Carvalho de Melo Cavalcante16João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa17Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncology Research Center, Federal University of ParáLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Parasitology and ecology of neglected diseases, Federal University of PiauiLaboratory of Parasitology and ecology of neglected diseases, Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of PiauiDrug Development and Research Center, Federal University of CearaDepartment of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityFacultad de Medicina, Universidad del AzuayDepartment of Chemistry, The University of JordanCytogenetic and Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of PiauíLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of PiauíAbstract Background Among the food additives used in the food industry, food dyes are considered the most toxic. For instance, tartrazine (TRZ) is a food colorant commercially available with conflicting data regarding its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of TRZ using different eukaryotic cells (in vitro). Methods This study employed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), brine shrimp lethality, Allium cepa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae tests. Different concentrations of TRZ and different exposure times were used in this study. Results The results demonstrate that TRZ induced a concentration-dependent toxic effect on the test systems. It also exerted cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and human gastric cells. In addition, TRZ showed mutagenic effects on the A. cepa test system. However, its toxicogenic effects may not relate to the oxidizing activity, which was confirmed by the S. cerevisiae test model. Conclusion Taken together, TRZ exerted toxicogenic effects on the test systems. Therefore, it may be harmful to health, especially its prolonged use may trigger carcinogenesis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7CarcinogenesisTartrazineCell lineAllium cepaArtemia salinaSaccharomyces cerevisiae |
| spellingShingle | Jailson Rodrigues dos Santos Larissa de Sousa Soares Bruno Moreira Soares Marlene de Gomes Farias Victor Alves de Oliveira Natan Antônio Batista de Sousa Helber Alves Negreiros Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva Ana Paula Peron Ana Carolina Landim Pacheco Márcia Maria Mendes Marques Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves Raquel Carvalho Montenegro Muhammad Torequl Islam Javad Sharifi-Rad Mohammad S. Mubarak Ana Amélia Carvalho de Melo Cavalcante João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology Carcinogenesis Tartrazine Cell line Allium cepa Artemia salina Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| title | Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells |
| title_full | Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells |
| title_fullStr | Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells |
| title_short | Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells |
| title_sort | cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells |
| topic | Carcinogenesis Tartrazine Cell line Allium cepa Artemia salina Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7 |
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