Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers
Introduction: The classically defined two retinal microglia layers are distributed in inner and outer plexiform layers. Although there are some reports that retinal microglia are also superficially located around the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in contact with the vitreous, there has been a lack of de...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1368021/full |
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| author | Jehwi Jeon Jehwi Jeon Yong Soo Park Sang-Hoon Kim Eunji Kong Jay Kim Jee Myung Yang Joo Yong Lee You-Me Kim In-Beom Kim Pilhan Kim Pilhan Kim |
| author_facet | Jehwi Jeon Jehwi Jeon Yong Soo Park Sang-Hoon Kim Eunji Kong Jay Kim Jee Myung Yang Joo Yong Lee You-Me Kim In-Beom Kim Pilhan Kim Pilhan Kim |
| author_sort | Jehwi Jeon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The classically defined two retinal microglia layers are distributed in inner and outer plexiform layers. Although there are some reports that retinal microglia are also superficially located around the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in contact with the vitreous, there has been a lack of detailed descriptions and not fully understood yet.Methods: We visualized the microglial layers by using CX3CR1-GFP (C57BL6) transgenic mice with both healthy and disease conditions including NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration models and IRBP-induced auto-immune uveitis models.Result: We found the GCL microglia has two subsets; peripheral (pph) microglia located on the retinal parenchyma and BAM (CNS Border Associated Macrophage) which have a special stretched phenotype only located on the surface of large retinal veins. First, in the pph microglia subset, but not in BAM, Galectin-3 and LYVE1 are focally expressed. However, LYVE1 is specifically expressed in the amoeboid or transition forms, except the typical dendritic morphology in the pph microglia. Second, BAM is tightly attached to the surface of the retinal veins and has similar morphology patterns in both the healthy and disease conditions. CD86+ BAM has a longer process which vertically passes the proximal retinal veins. Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL.Discussion: Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:17:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5020dd9a1c04efcb386f1400c35dde0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:17:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5020dd9a1c04efcb386f1400c35dde02024-03-26T04:46:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2024-03-011210.3389/fcell.2024.13680211368021Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layersJehwi Jeon0Jehwi Jeon1Yong Soo Park2Sang-Hoon Kim3Eunji Kong4Jay Kim5Jee Myung Yang6Joo Yong Lee7You-Me Kim8In-Beom Kim9Pilhan Kim10Pilhan Kim11Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of KoreaKI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of KoreaInstitute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, United StatesGraduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of KoreaAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of KoreaKI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of KoreaIntroduction: The classically defined two retinal microglia layers are distributed in inner and outer plexiform layers. Although there are some reports that retinal microglia are also superficially located around the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in contact with the vitreous, there has been a lack of detailed descriptions and not fully understood yet.Methods: We visualized the microglial layers by using CX3CR1-GFP (C57BL6) transgenic mice with both healthy and disease conditions including NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration models and IRBP-induced auto-immune uveitis models.Result: We found the GCL microglia has two subsets; peripheral (pph) microglia located on the retinal parenchyma and BAM (CNS Border Associated Macrophage) which have a special stretched phenotype only located on the surface of large retinal veins. First, in the pph microglia subset, but not in BAM, Galectin-3 and LYVE1 are focally expressed. However, LYVE1 is specifically expressed in the amoeboid or transition forms, except the typical dendritic morphology in the pph microglia. Second, BAM is tightly attached to the surface of the retinal veins and has similar morphology patterns in both the healthy and disease conditions. CD86+ BAM has a longer process which vertically passes the proximal retinal veins. Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL.Discussion: Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1368021/fullretinal microgliasuperficial microgliaperivascular macrophagecentral nervous system border-associated macrophageCD86+ macrophage |
| spellingShingle | Jehwi Jeon Jehwi Jeon Yong Soo Park Sang-Hoon Kim Eunji Kong Jay Kim Jee Myung Yang Joo Yong Lee You-Me Kim In-Beom Kim Pilhan Kim Pilhan Kim Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology retinal microglia superficial microglia perivascular macrophage central nervous system border-associated macrophage CD86+ macrophage |
| title | Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers |
| title_full | Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers |
| title_fullStr | Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers |
| title_short | Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers |
| title_sort | deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers |
| topic | retinal microglia superficial microglia perivascular macrophage central nervous system border-associated macrophage CD86+ macrophage |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1368021/full |
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