Contamination of Wheat Cultivated in Various Regions of Poland during 2017 and 2018 Agricultural Seasons with Selected Trichothecenes and Their Modified Forms
Cross-interaction of antibodies within the immunoaffinity columns used in this study facilitated the simultaneous determination of nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), their glucoside derivatives (NIV-3G, DON-3G), and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) in wheat grain harvested in various regions of...
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/2/88 |
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| author | Marcin Bryła Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak Tomoya Yoshinari Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Krystyna Szymczyk |
| author_facet | Marcin Bryła Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak Tomoya Yoshinari Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Krystyna Szymczyk |
| author_sort | Marcin Bryła |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cross-interaction of antibodies within the immunoaffinity columns used in this study facilitated the simultaneous determination of nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), their glucoside derivatives (NIV-3G, DON-3G), and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) in wheat grain harvested in various regions of Poland. In Poland, 2018 was a warm, dry agricultural season, and hence, was relatively less favourable for cereal cultivation than 2017. Data on the natural occurrence of NIV-3G in wheat grain are among the first published in the literature. DON was the most frequently found mycotoxin in the tested samples; the percentage occurrence of DON-positive samples was 92% in 2017 and 61% in 2018. Moreover, DON concentrations were generally higher in 2017 samples (5.2⁻1670.7 µg/kg) than those in 2018 samples (range 5.0⁻461.7 µg/kg). A similar pattern was found for DON-3G. However, no statistically significant differences between the samples from the two agricultural seasons were observed for the other three mycotoxins that were analysed, and their concentrations were generally considerably lower. DON was strongly correlated with DON-3G (correlation coefficient <i>r</i> = 0.9558), while NIV was strongly correlated with NIV-3G (<i>r</i> = 0.9442). The percentage occurrence of NIV-3G- and DON-3G-positive samples was 14% in 2017 and 49% in 2018. The NIV-3G/NIV ratio was 5.9⁻35.7%, while the DON-3G/DON ratio range was 3.2⁻53.6%. In 2018, wheat samples from Southern Poland exhibited statistically significantly higher levels of DON than those from Northern Poland. The dry and hot summer of 2018 not only reduced wheat yields, but also limited development of <i>Fusarium</i> spp. Therefore, grain harvested that year was generally contaminated with relatively low levels of mycotoxins. Lower levels of DON were also accompanied by lesser amounts of DON-derivatives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:33:15Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:33:15Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b5028597896548cdb39a48aa1edcecfd2022-12-22T03:59:18ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-02-011128810.3390/toxins11020088toxins11020088Contamination of Wheat Cultivated in Various Regions of Poland during 2017 and 2018 Agricultural Seasons with Selected Trichothecenes and Their Modified FormsMarcin Bryła0Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak1Tomoya Yoshinari2Agnieszka Waśkiewicz3Krystyna Szymczyk4Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, JapanDepartment of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, PolandCross-interaction of antibodies within the immunoaffinity columns used in this study facilitated the simultaneous determination of nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), their glucoside derivatives (NIV-3G, DON-3G), and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) in wheat grain harvested in various regions of Poland. In Poland, 2018 was a warm, dry agricultural season, and hence, was relatively less favourable for cereal cultivation than 2017. Data on the natural occurrence of NIV-3G in wheat grain are among the first published in the literature. DON was the most frequently found mycotoxin in the tested samples; the percentage occurrence of DON-positive samples was 92% in 2017 and 61% in 2018. Moreover, DON concentrations were generally higher in 2017 samples (5.2⁻1670.7 µg/kg) than those in 2018 samples (range 5.0⁻461.7 µg/kg). A similar pattern was found for DON-3G. However, no statistically significant differences between the samples from the two agricultural seasons were observed for the other three mycotoxins that were analysed, and their concentrations were generally considerably lower. DON was strongly correlated with DON-3G (correlation coefficient <i>r</i> = 0.9558), while NIV was strongly correlated with NIV-3G (<i>r</i> = 0.9442). The percentage occurrence of NIV-3G- and DON-3G-positive samples was 14% in 2017 and 49% in 2018. The NIV-3G/NIV ratio was 5.9⁻35.7%, while the DON-3G/DON ratio range was 3.2⁻53.6%. In 2018, wheat samples from Southern Poland exhibited statistically significantly higher levels of DON than those from Northern Poland. The dry and hot summer of 2018 not only reduced wheat yields, but also limited development of <i>Fusarium</i> spp. Therefore, grain harvested that year was generally contaminated with relatively low levels of mycotoxins. Lower levels of DON were also accompanied by lesser amounts of DON-derivatives.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/2/88trichothecenesnivalenol-3-glucosidedeoxynivalenol-3-glucosidewheatweather conditions |
| spellingShingle | Marcin Bryła Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak Tomoya Yoshinari Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Krystyna Szymczyk Contamination of Wheat Cultivated in Various Regions of Poland during 2017 and 2018 Agricultural Seasons with Selected Trichothecenes and Their Modified Forms Toxins trichothecenes nivalenol-3-glucoside deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside wheat weather conditions |
| title | Contamination of Wheat Cultivated in Various Regions of Poland during 2017 and 2018 Agricultural Seasons with Selected Trichothecenes and Their Modified Forms |
| title_full | Contamination of Wheat Cultivated in Various Regions of Poland during 2017 and 2018 Agricultural Seasons with Selected Trichothecenes and Their Modified Forms |
| title_fullStr | Contamination of Wheat Cultivated in Various Regions of Poland during 2017 and 2018 Agricultural Seasons with Selected Trichothecenes and Their Modified Forms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contamination of Wheat Cultivated in Various Regions of Poland during 2017 and 2018 Agricultural Seasons with Selected Trichothecenes and Their Modified Forms |
| title_short | Contamination of Wheat Cultivated in Various Regions of Poland during 2017 and 2018 Agricultural Seasons with Selected Trichothecenes and Their Modified Forms |
| title_sort | contamination of wheat cultivated in various regions of poland during 2017 and 2018 agricultural seasons with selected trichothecenes and their modified forms |
| topic | trichothecenes nivalenol-3-glucoside deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside wheat weather conditions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/2/88 |
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