Inter-Calibration and Statistical Validation of Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Observations Made by CSES-01 Mission
The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) provides in situ electron density (<i>N</i>e) observations through Langmuir probes (LPs) in the topside ionosphere since February 2018. CSES-01 is a sun-synchronous satellite probing the ionosphere around two fixed local times (LTs), 1...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4679 |
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| author | Alessio Pignalberi Michael Pezzopane Igino Coco Mirko Piersanti Fabio Giannattasio Paola De Michelis Roberta Tozzi Giuseppe Consolini |
| author_facet | Alessio Pignalberi Michael Pezzopane Igino Coco Mirko Piersanti Fabio Giannattasio Paola De Michelis Roberta Tozzi Giuseppe Consolini |
| author_sort | Alessio Pignalberi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) provides in situ electron density (<i>N</i>e) observations through Langmuir probes (LPs) in the topside ionosphere since February 2018. CSES-01 is a sun-synchronous satellite probing the ionosphere around two fixed local times (LTs), 14 LT in the daytime sector and 02 LT in the night-time sector, at an altitude of about 500 km. Previous studies evidenced that CSES-01 seems to underestimate <i>N</i>e measurements with respect to those acquired by similar satellites or obtained from different instruments. To overcome this issue, we calibrated CSES-01 LP <i>N</i>e observations through Swarm B satellite data, which flies approximately at CSES-01 altitude. As a first step, Swarm B LP <i>N</i>e observations were calibrated through Faceplate (FP) <i>N</i>e observations from the same satellite. Such calibration allowed solving the <i>N</i>e overestimation made by Swarm LP during nighttime for low solar activity. Then, the calibrated Swarm B LP <i>N</i>e observations were used to calibrate CSES-01 <i>N</i>e observations on a statistical basis. Finally, the goodness of the proposed calibration procedure was statistically assessed through a comparison with <i>N</i>e observations by incoherent scatter radars (ISRs) located at Jicamarca, Arecibo, and Millstone Hill. The proposed calibration procedure allowed solving the CSES-01 <i>N</i>e underestimation issue for both daytime and nighttime sectors and brought CSES-01 <i>N</i>e observations in agreement with corresponding ones measured by Swarm B, ISRs, and with those modelled by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). This is a first fundamental step towards a possible future inclusion of CSES-01 <i>N</i>e observations in the dataset underlying IRI for the purpose of improving the description of the topside ionosphere made by IRI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:36:57Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b50836b9c84d41419131dda683f7cd39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:36:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-b50836b9c84d41419131dda683f7cd392023-11-23T18:46:42ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-09-011418467910.3390/rs14184679Inter-Calibration and Statistical Validation of Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Observations Made by CSES-01 MissionAlessio Pignalberi0Michael Pezzopane1Igino Coco2Mirko Piersanti3Fabio Giannattasio4Paola De Michelis5Roberta Tozzi6Giuseppe Consolini7Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, ItalyINAF—Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, ItalyThe China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) provides in situ electron density (<i>N</i>e) observations through Langmuir probes (LPs) in the topside ionosphere since February 2018. CSES-01 is a sun-synchronous satellite probing the ionosphere around two fixed local times (LTs), 14 LT in the daytime sector and 02 LT in the night-time sector, at an altitude of about 500 km. Previous studies evidenced that CSES-01 seems to underestimate <i>N</i>e measurements with respect to those acquired by similar satellites or obtained from different instruments. To overcome this issue, we calibrated CSES-01 LP <i>N</i>e observations through Swarm B satellite data, which flies approximately at CSES-01 altitude. As a first step, Swarm B LP <i>N</i>e observations were calibrated through Faceplate (FP) <i>N</i>e observations from the same satellite. Such calibration allowed solving the <i>N</i>e overestimation made by Swarm LP during nighttime for low solar activity. Then, the calibrated Swarm B LP <i>N</i>e observations were used to calibrate CSES-01 <i>N</i>e observations on a statistical basis. Finally, the goodness of the proposed calibration procedure was statistically assessed through a comparison with <i>N</i>e observations by incoherent scatter radars (ISRs) located at Jicamarca, Arecibo, and Millstone Hill. The proposed calibration procedure allowed solving the CSES-01 <i>N</i>e underestimation issue for both daytime and nighttime sectors and brought CSES-01 <i>N</i>e observations in agreement with corresponding ones measured by Swarm B, ISRs, and with those modelled by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). This is a first fundamental step towards a possible future inclusion of CSES-01 <i>N</i>e observations in the dataset underlying IRI for the purpose of improving the description of the topside ionosphere made by IRI.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4679China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01)Langmuir probes dataelectron densitycalibration and validationlow Earth orbit (LEO) satellitestopside ionosphere |
| spellingShingle | Alessio Pignalberi Michael Pezzopane Igino Coco Mirko Piersanti Fabio Giannattasio Paola De Michelis Roberta Tozzi Giuseppe Consolini Inter-Calibration and Statistical Validation of Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Observations Made by CSES-01 Mission Remote Sensing China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) Langmuir probes data electron density calibration and validation low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites topside ionosphere |
| title | Inter-Calibration and Statistical Validation of Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Observations Made by CSES-01 Mission |
| title_full | Inter-Calibration and Statistical Validation of Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Observations Made by CSES-01 Mission |
| title_fullStr | Inter-Calibration and Statistical Validation of Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Observations Made by CSES-01 Mission |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inter-Calibration and Statistical Validation of Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Observations Made by CSES-01 Mission |
| title_short | Inter-Calibration and Statistical Validation of Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Observations Made by CSES-01 Mission |
| title_sort | inter calibration and statistical validation of topside ionosphere electron density observations made by cses 01 mission |
| topic | China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) Langmuir probes data electron density calibration and validation low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites topside ionosphere |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/18/4679 |
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