| Summary: | In poplar cultivation, continuous cropping obstacles affect wood yield and soil-borne diseases, primarily due to structural changes in microbes and fungus infection. The bacterium <i>Bacillus cereus</i> BJS-1-3 has strong antagonistic properties against pathogens that were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of poplars. Poplar rhizospheres were investigated for the effects of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> BJS-1-3 on microbial communities. Three successive generations of soil were used to replant poplar seedlings. BJS-1-3 inoculated poplars were larger, had higher plant height and breast height diameter, and had a greater number of total and culturable bacteria than non-inoculated controls. <i>B. cereus</i> BJS-1-3 inoculated poplar rhizospheres were sequenced, utilizing the Illumina MiSeq platform to analyze changes in diversity and structure. The fungi abundance and diversity in the BJS-1-3 rhizosphere were significantly lower than in the control rhizosphere. In comparison to the control group, <i>Bacillus</i> sp. constituted 2.87% and 2.38% of the total bacterial community, while <i>Rhizoctonia</i> sp. constituted 2.06% and 6.00% of the total fungal community. Among the potential benefits of <i>B. cereus</i> BJS-1-3 in poplar cultivation is that it enhances rhizosphere microbial community structure and facilitates the growth of trees.
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