Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study was conducted to determine whether use of hormonal contraceptives is associated with cervical dysplasia and cancer in a population where there is widespread use of hormonal contraception and the rates of cervical cancer re...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2008-05-01
|
| Series: | BMC Women's Health |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/8/9 |
| _version_ | 1811250194647351296 |
|---|---|
| author | Smikle Monica Jackson Maria D Bazuaye Patience E McFarlane-Anderson Norma Fletcher Horace M |
| author_facet | Smikle Monica Jackson Maria D Bazuaye Patience E McFarlane-Anderson Norma Fletcher Horace M |
| author_sort | Smikle Monica |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study was conducted to determine whether use of hormonal contraceptives is associated with cervical dysplasia and cancer in a population where there is widespread use of hormonal contraception and the rates of cervical cancer remain high at 27.5/100,000.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case-control study was conducted among women visiting the colposcopy and gynaelogical clinics at a tertiary referral hospital. Two hundred and thirty six cases CIN I (72), II (59), III (54), cancer (51) and 102 controls, consented and were interviewed on use of contraceptives using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with use of hormonal contraception in cases and controls and in low and high risk cases. Recruitment was carried out from 2001–2002.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Contraceptives used were: oral contraceptives – 35%, injections (depot medroxy progesterone acetate (Depo-provera) – 10%, Intrauterine devices – 2%, combinations of these and tubal ligation – 30%. 23% reported use of 'other' methods, barrier contraceptives or no form of contraception. Barrier contraceptive use was not significantly different between cases and controls. Current and/or past exposure to hormonal contraceptives (HC) by use of the pill or injection, alone or in combination with other methods was significantly higher in the cases. In multivariate analysis with age and number of sexual partners as co-variates, use of hormonal contraception was associated both with disease, [OR, 1.92 (CI 1.11, 3.34; p = 0.02] and severity of the disease [OR, 2.22 (CI 1.05, 4.66) p = 0.036]. When parity and alcohol consumption were added to the model, hormonal contraception was no longer significant. The significant association with high risk disease was retained when the model was controlled for age and number of sexual partners. Depo-provera use (with age and number of sexual partners as covariates) was also associated with disease [OR, 2.43 (CI 1.39, 4.57), p = 0.006] and severity of disease [OR 2.51 (1.11, 5.64) p = 0.027]. With parity and alcohol added to this model, depo-provera use retained significance. Exposure to HC > 4 years conferred more risk for disease and severity of disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hormonal contraception did confer some risk of dysplasia and women using HC should therefore be encouraged to do regular Pap smear screening.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:59:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b52dad91f9ea4a7eaf145dff8786b487 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6874 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:59:40Z |
| publishDate | 2008-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-b52dad91f9ea4a7eaf145dff8786b4872022-12-22T03:26:14ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742008-05-0181910.1186/1472-6874-8-9Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican womenSmikle MonicaJackson Maria DBazuaye Patience EMcFarlane-Anderson NormaFletcher Horace M<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study was conducted to determine whether use of hormonal contraceptives is associated with cervical dysplasia and cancer in a population where there is widespread use of hormonal contraception and the rates of cervical cancer remain high at 27.5/100,000.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case-control study was conducted among women visiting the colposcopy and gynaelogical clinics at a tertiary referral hospital. Two hundred and thirty six cases CIN I (72), II (59), III (54), cancer (51) and 102 controls, consented and were interviewed on use of contraceptives using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with use of hormonal contraception in cases and controls and in low and high risk cases. Recruitment was carried out from 2001–2002.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Contraceptives used were: oral contraceptives – 35%, injections (depot medroxy progesterone acetate (Depo-provera) – 10%, Intrauterine devices – 2%, combinations of these and tubal ligation – 30%. 23% reported use of 'other' methods, barrier contraceptives or no form of contraception. Barrier contraceptive use was not significantly different between cases and controls. Current and/or past exposure to hormonal contraceptives (HC) by use of the pill or injection, alone or in combination with other methods was significantly higher in the cases. In multivariate analysis with age and number of sexual partners as co-variates, use of hormonal contraception was associated both with disease, [OR, 1.92 (CI 1.11, 3.34; p = 0.02] and severity of the disease [OR, 2.22 (CI 1.05, 4.66) p = 0.036]. When parity and alcohol consumption were added to the model, hormonal contraception was no longer significant. The significant association with high risk disease was retained when the model was controlled for age and number of sexual partners. Depo-provera use (with age and number of sexual partners as covariates) was also associated with disease [OR, 2.43 (CI 1.39, 4.57), p = 0.006] and severity of disease [OR 2.51 (1.11, 5.64) p = 0.027]. With parity and alcohol added to this model, depo-provera use retained significance. Exposure to HC > 4 years conferred more risk for disease and severity of disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hormonal contraception did confer some risk of dysplasia and women using HC should therefore be encouraged to do regular Pap smear screening.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/8/9 |
| spellingShingle | Smikle Monica Jackson Maria D Bazuaye Patience E McFarlane-Anderson Norma Fletcher Horace M Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women BMC Women's Health |
| title | Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women |
| title_full | Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women |
| title_fullStr | Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women |
| title_short | Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women |
| title_sort | cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in jamaican women |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/8/9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT smiklemonica cervicaldysplasiaandcancerandtheuseofhormonalcontraceptivesinjamaicanwomen AT jacksonmariad cervicaldysplasiaandcancerandtheuseofhormonalcontraceptivesinjamaicanwomen AT bazuayepatiencee cervicaldysplasiaandcancerandtheuseofhormonalcontraceptivesinjamaicanwomen AT mcfarlaneandersonnorma cervicaldysplasiaandcancerandtheuseofhormonalcontraceptivesinjamaicanwomen AT fletcherhoracem cervicaldysplasiaandcancerandtheuseofhormonalcontraceptivesinjamaicanwomen |