Longevity of Plant Pathogens in Dry Agricultural Seeds during 30 Years of Storage
Plant diseases may survive and be spread by infected seeds. In this study we monitored the longevity of 14 seed-borne pathogens in 9 crop species commonly grown in the Nordic countries, in addition to a sample of sclerotia of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. The data from the first 30 ye...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/10/2175 |
| _version_ | 1797513782288711680 |
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| author | Guro Brodal Åsmund Asdal |
| author_facet | Guro Brodal Åsmund Asdal |
| author_sort | Guro Brodal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant diseases may survive and be spread by infected seeds. In this study we monitored the longevity of 14 seed-borne pathogens in 9 crop species commonly grown in the Nordic countries, in addition to a sample of sclerotia of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. The data from the first 30 years of a 100-year seed storage experiment located in a natural −3.5 °C environment (permafrost) in Svalbard, Norway, are presented. To date, the pathogens, tested by traditional seed health testing methods (freezing blotter, agar plates, growing on tests), have survived. Linear regression analyses showed that the seed infection percentages of <i>Drechslera dictyoides</i> in meadow fescue, <i>Drechslera phlei</i> in timothy, and <i>Septoria nodorum</i> in wheat were significantly reduced compared to the percentages at the start of the experiment (from 63% to 34%, from 70% to 65%, and from 15% to 1%, respectively), and that <i>Phoma betae</i> in beet had increased significantly (from 43% to 56%). No trends in the infection percentage were observed over the years in <i>Drechslera</i> spp. in barley (fluctuating between 30% and 64%) or in <i>Alternaria brassicicola</i> in cabbage (fluctuating between 82% and 99%), nor in pathogens with low seed infection percentages at the start of the experiment. A major part of the stored sclerotia was viable after 30 years. To avoid the spread of seed-borne diseases, it is recommended that gene banks implement routines that avoid the use of infected seeds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:22:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5334001ca2041618a661875bc8d2f2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:22:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5334001ca2041618a661875bc8d2f2a2023-11-22T19:15:35ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-10-01910217510.3390/microorganisms9102175Longevity of Plant Pathogens in Dry Agricultural Seeds during 30 Years of StorageGuro Brodal0Åsmund Asdal1Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, NorwayNordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), P.O. Box 41, SE-230 53 Alnarp, SwedenPlant diseases may survive and be spread by infected seeds. In this study we monitored the longevity of 14 seed-borne pathogens in 9 crop species commonly grown in the Nordic countries, in addition to a sample of sclerotia of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. The data from the first 30 years of a 100-year seed storage experiment located in a natural −3.5 °C environment (permafrost) in Svalbard, Norway, are presented. To date, the pathogens, tested by traditional seed health testing methods (freezing blotter, agar plates, growing on tests), have survived. Linear regression analyses showed that the seed infection percentages of <i>Drechslera dictyoides</i> in meadow fescue, <i>Drechslera phlei</i> in timothy, and <i>Septoria nodorum</i> in wheat were significantly reduced compared to the percentages at the start of the experiment (from 63% to 34%, from 70% to 65%, and from 15% to 1%, respectively), and that <i>Phoma betae</i> in beet had increased significantly (from 43% to 56%). No trends in the infection percentage were observed over the years in <i>Drechslera</i> spp. in barley (fluctuating between 30% and 64%) or in <i>Alternaria brassicicola</i> in cabbage (fluctuating between 82% and 99%), nor in pathogens with low seed infection percentages at the start of the experiment. A major part of the stored sclerotia was viable after 30 years. To avoid the spread of seed-borne diseases, it is recommended that gene banks implement routines that avoid the use of infected seeds.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/10/2175seed-borne diseaseslong-term seed storageseed healthgermplasm100-year storage experimentSvalbard |
| spellingShingle | Guro Brodal Åsmund Asdal Longevity of Plant Pathogens in Dry Agricultural Seeds during 30 Years of Storage Microorganisms seed-borne diseases long-term seed storage seed health germplasm 100-year storage experiment Svalbard |
| title | Longevity of Plant Pathogens in Dry Agricultural Seeds during 30 Years of Storage |
| title_full | Longevity of Plant Pathogens in Dry Agricultural Seeds during 30 Years of Storage |
| title_fullStr | Longevity of Plant Pathogens in Dry Agricultural Seeds during 30 Years of Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longevity of Plant Pathogens in Dry Agricultural Seeds during 30 Years of Storage |
| title_short | Longevity of Plant Pathogens in Dry Agricultural Seeds during 30 Years of Storage |
| title_sort | longevity of plant pathogens in dry agricultural seeds during 30 years of storage |
| topic | seed-borne diseases long-term seed storage seed health germplasm 100-year storage experiment Svalbard |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/10/2175 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gurobrodal longevityofplantpathogensindryagriculturalseedsduring30yearsofstorage AT asmundasdal longevityofplantpathogensindryagriculturalseedsduring30yearsofstorage |