Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent physical and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties characterized by a low risk of antimicrobial resistance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are antimicrobial metallic nanomaterials already used in a broad range of industrial ap...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1155 |
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| author | Beatriz Salesa Marcelo Assis Juan Andrés Ángel Serrano-Aroca |
| author_facet | Beatriz Salesa Marcelo Assis Juan Andrés Ángel Serrano-Aroca |
| author_sort | Beatriz Salesa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent physical and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties characterized by a low risk of antimicrobial resistance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are antimicrobial metallic nanomaterials already used in a broad range of industrial applications. In the present study these two nanomaterials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering, and their biological properties were compared in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation, and gene expression in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The results showed that both AgNPs and CNFs present similar time-dependent cytotoxicity (EC<sub>50</sub> of 608.1 µg/mL for CNFs and 581.9 µg/mL for AgNPs at 24 h) and similar proliferative HaCaT cell activity. However, both nanomaterials showed very different results in the expression of thirteen genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (<i>SOD1</i>), catalase (<i>CAT)</i>, matrix metallopeptidase 1 (<i>MMP1)</i>, transforming growth factor beta 1 (<i>TGFB1)</i>, glutathione peroxidase 1 (<i>GPX1</i>), fibronectin 1 (<i>FN1</i>), hyaluronan synthase 2 (<i>HAS2</i>), laminin subunit beta 1 (<i>LAMB1</i>), lumican (<i>LUM</i>), cadherin 1 <i>CDH1,</i> collagen type IV alpha (<i>COL4A1</i>), fibrillin (<i>FBN</i>), and versican (<i>VCAN</i>)) treated with the lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations in the HaCaT cells after 24 h. The AgNPs were capable of up-regulating only two genes (<i>SOD1</i> and <i>MMP1</i>) while the CNFs were very effective in up-regulating eight genes (<i>FN1, MMP1, CAT, CDH1, COL4A1, FBN, GPX1,</i> and <i>TGFB1</i>) involved in the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and maintaining and repairing tissues by regulating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, growth, morphogenesis, and tissue development. These results demonstrate CNF nanomaterials’ unique great potential in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and wound healing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:52:33Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b53a7fa0f4eb4120ac0128500c5dbc91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:52:33Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b53a7fa0f4eb4120ac0128500c5dbc912023-11-22T12:07:49ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-09-0199115510.3390/biomedicines9091155Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene ExpressionBeatriz Salesa0Marcelo Assis1Juan Andrés2Ángel Serrano-Aroca3Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab., Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), 12071 Castellon, SpainDepartment of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), 12071 Castellon, SpainBiomaterials and Bioengineering Lab., Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, SpainCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent physical and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties characterized by a low risk of antimicrobial resistance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are antimicrobial metallic nanomaterials already used in a broad range of industrial applications. In the present study these two nanomaterials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering, and their biological properties were compared in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation, and gene expression in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The results showed that both AgNPs and CNFs present similar time-dependent cytotoxicity (EC<sub>50</sub> of 608.1 µg/mL for CNFs and 581.9 µg/mL for AgNPs at 24 h) and similar proliferative HaCaT cell activity. However, both nanomaterials showed very different results in the expression of thirteen genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (<i>SOD1</i>), catalase (<i>CAT)</i>, matrix metallopeptidase 1 (<i>MMP1)</i>, transforming growth factor beta 1 (<i>TGFB1)</i>, glutathione peroxidase 1 (<i>GPX1</i>), fibronectin 1 (<i>FN1</i>), hyaluronan synthase 2 (<i>HAS2</i>), laminin subunit beta 1 (<i>LAMB1</i>), lumican (<i>LUM</i>), cadherin 1 <i>CDH1,</i> collagen type IV alpha (<i>COL4A1</i>), fibrillin (<i>FBN</i>), and versican (<i>VCAN</i>)) treated with the lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations in the HaCaT cells after 24 h. The AgNPs were capable of up-regulating only two genes (<i>SOD1</i> and <i>MMP1</i>) while the CNFs were very effective in up-regulating eight genes (<i>FN1, MMP1, CAT, CDH1, COL4A1, FBN, GPX1,</i> and <i>TGFB1</i>) involved in the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and maintaining and repairing tissues by regulating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, growth, morphogenesis, and tissue development. These results demonstrate CNF nanomaterials’ unique great potential in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and wound healing.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1155silver nanoparticlescarbon nanofibershuman keratinocytescytotoxicityproliferationgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Beatriz Salesa Marcelo Assis Juan Andrés Ángel Serrano-Aroca Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression Biomedicines silver nanoparticles carbon nanofibers human keratinocytes cytotoxicity proliferation gene expression |
| title | Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression |
| title_full | Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression |
| title_short | Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression |
| title_sort | carbon nanofibers versus silver nanoparticles time dependent cytotoxicity proliferation and gene expression |
| topic | silver nanoparticles carbon nanofibers human keratinocytes cytotoxicity proliferation gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1155 |
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