Exhaled Breath Analysis Detects the Clearance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Background: Electronic nose (eNose) technology can be used to characterize volatile organic compound (VOC) mixes in breath. While previous reports have shown that eNose can detect lung infections with pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SA) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF)...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/2/431 |
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| author | Elias Seidl Johann-Christoph Licht Rianne de Vries Felix Ratjen Hartmut Grasemann |
| author_facet | Elias Seidl Johann-Christoph Licht Rianne de Vries Felix Ratjen Hartmut Grasemann |
| author_sort | Elias Seidl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Electronic nose (eNose) technology can be used to characterize volatile organic compound (VOC) mixes in breath. While previous reports have shown that eNose can detect lung infections with pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SA) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), the clinical utility of eNose for longitudinally monitoring SA infection status is unknown. Methods: In this longitudinal study, a cloud-connected eNose, the SpiroNose, was used for the breath profile analysis of children with CF at two stable visits and compared based on changes in SA infection status between visits. Data analysis involved advanced sensor signal processing, ambient correction, and statistics based on the comparison of breath profiles between baseline and follow-up visits. Results: Seventy-two children with CF, with a mean (IQR) age of 13.8 (9.8–16.4) years, were studied. In those with SA-positive airway cultures at baseline but SA-negative cultures at follow-up (<i>n</i> = 19), significant signal differences were detected between Baseline and Follow-up at three distinct eNose sensors, i.e., S4 (<i>p</i> = 0.047), S6 (<i>p</i> = 0.014), and S7 (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Sensor signal changes with the clearance of SA from airways were unrelated to antibiotic treatment. No changes in sensor signals were seen in patients with unchanged infection status between visits. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the potential applicability of the eNose as a non-invasive clinical tool to longitudinally monitor pulmonary SA infection status in children with CF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:40:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b53ba30a390546c1af7565c0f8248a87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:40:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-b53ba30a390546c1af7565c0f8248a872024-02-23T15:08:48ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-02-0112243110.3390/biomedicines12020431Exhaled Breath Analysis Detects the Clearance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Airways of Children with Cystic FibrosisElias Seidl0Johann-Christoph Licht1Rianne de Vries2Felix Ratjen3Hartmut Grasemann4Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, CanadaBreathomix BV, Bargelaan 200, 2333 CW Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, CanadaBackground: Electronic nose (eNose) technology can be used to characterize volatile organic compound (VOC) mixes in breath. While previous reports have shown that eNose can detect lung infections with pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SA) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), the clinical utility of eNose for longitudinally monitoring SA infection status is unknown. Methods: In this longitudinal study, a cloud-connected eNose, the SpiroNose, was used for the breath profile analysis of children with CF at two stable visits and compared based on changes in SA infection status between visits. Data analysis involved advanced sensor signal processing, ambient correction, and statistics based on the comparison of breath profiles between baseline and follow-up visits. Results: Seventy-two children with CF, with a mean (IQR) age of 13.8 (9.8–16.4) years, were studied. In those with SA-positive airway cultures at baseline but SA-negative cultures at follow-up (<i>n</i> = 19), significant signal differences were detected between Baseline and Follow-up at three distinct eNose sensors, i.e., S4 (<i>p</i> = 0.047), S6 (<i>p</i> = 0.014), and S7 (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Sensor signal changes with the clearance of SA from airways were unrelated to antibiotic treatment. No changes in sensor signals were seen in patients with unchanged infection status between visits. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the potential applicability of the eNose as a non-invasive clinical tool to longitudinally monitor pulmonary SA infection status in children with CF.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/2/431electronic nosecystic fibrosisrespiratory diseaserespiratory infectionsvolatile organic compounds<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Elias Seidl Johann-Christoph Licht Rianne de Vries Felix Ratjen Hartmut Grasemann Exhaled Breath Analysis Detects the Clearance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis Biomedicines electronic nose cystic fibrosis respiratory disease respiratory infections volatile organic compounds <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title | Exhaled Breath Analysis Detects the Clearance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis |
| title_full | Exhaled Breath Analysis Detects the Clearance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis |
| title_fullStr | Exhaled Breath Analysis Detects the Clearance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exhaled Breath Analysis Detects the Clearance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis |
| title_short | Exhaled Breath Analysis Detects the Clearance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis |
| title_sort | exhaled breath analysis detects the clearance of i staphylococcus aureus i from the airways of children with cystic fibrosis |
| topic | electronic nose cystic fibrosis respiratory disease respiratory infections volatile organic compounds <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/2/431 |
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