A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia
Karst bauxite deposits in the North Dalmatian piggyback basin (NDPGB) are a part of the Mediterranean bauxite belt, which is the largest European bauxite deposit zone; however, there is a general lack of information regarding the genesis, age, and precursor of the bauxite deposits in this region. In...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1224164/full |
| _version_ | 1827859251943440384 |
|---|---|
| author | Vlatko Brčić István Dunkl Andrea Mindszenty Mihovil Brlek Nina Trinajstić Petra Bajo Blanca Bauluz Ivan Mišur Volker Karius Sanja Šuica Duje Kukoč Alfonso Yuste Elisa Laita Hilmar Von Eynatten Armin Zeh |
| author_facet | Vlatko Brčić István Dunkl Andrea Mindszenty Mihovil Brlek Nina Trinajstić Petra Bajo Blanca Bauluz Ivan Mišur Volker Karius Sanja Šuica Duje Kukoč Alfonso Yuste Elisa Laita Hilmar Von Eynatten Armin Zeh |
| author_sort | Vlatko Brčić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Karst bauxite deposits in the North Dalmatian piggyback basin (NDPGB) are a part of the Mediterranean bauxite belt, which is the largest European bauxite deposit zone; however, there is a general lack of information regarding the genesis, age, and precursor of the bauxite deposits in this region. In this study, we combined detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology with compositional, mineralogical, and morphological data from four bauxite locations in the NDPGB to provide a new palaeogeographical and palaeoenvironmental evolution model for the Lutetian–Rupelian timeframe of the NDPGB. The Eocene climatic conditions began with the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum event (∼56 Ma), followed by the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (∼49 Ma) and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (∼40 Ma), and were completed as a cooling trend culminating around the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (∼34 Ma), with a shift towards an icehouse climate. These events were coeval with the continuous drift of the African continent towards Eurasia and the subsequent closure of the western part of the former Neo-Tethys Ocean associated with massive volcanic activity. Based on the bauxite deposits of the NDPGB, Early Eocene limestones formed in the last phase of the long-lasting Adriatic Carbonate Platform. The Middle Eocene orogenic activity resulted in an elevation in this area. High average temperatures, accelerated hydrological cycles and precipitation, and intensive continental weathering with increased volcanic carbon input resulted in favourable conditions for the development of karst bauxites at this time. Further Upper Eocene tectonic deformation of the NDPGB area resulted in the development of bauxite traps and enabled redeposition of the initial bauxite material. Subsequently, the bauxite deposits were covered with clastic carbonate molasse derived from the intensive erosion of the young Dinaric orogeny. The implications of this study are as follows. First, it provides new information on the timing of bauxitisation in the area by providing the first radiometric zircon geochronology, which refined and restricted the time window for bauxite formation in this region. Additionally, our results provide a new perspective on the possibility of aeolian precursors in karst bauxite formation and provide new constraints on the first tectonic marks of the initial Dinaric orogeny. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:06:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b545d43668f646049d9f7342468f9baa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:06:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b545d43668f646049d9f7342468f9baa2023-08-28T15:05:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632023-08-011110.3389/feart.2023.12241641224164A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, CroatiaVlatko Brčić0István Dunkl1Andrea Mindszenty2Mihovil Brlek3Nina Trinajstić4Petra Bajo5Blanca Bauluz6Ivan Mišur7Volker Karius8Sanja Šuica9Duje Kukoč10Alfonso Yuste11Elisa Laita12Hilmar Von Eynatten13Armin Zeh14Department of Geology, Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Physical and Applied Geology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Geology, Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Geology, Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Mineral Resources, Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, IUCA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Geology, Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyINA-Industrija Nafte d.d., Exploration and Production Laboratory, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Geology, Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, IUCA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, IUCA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyKarlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften—Mineralogie and Petrologie, Karlsruhe, GermanyKarst bauxite deposits in the North Dalmatian piggyback basin (NDPGB) are a part of the Mediterranean bauxite belt, which is the largest European bauxite deposit zone; however, there is a general lack of information regarding the genesis, age, and precursor of the bauxite deposits in this region. In this study, we combined detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology with compositional, mineralogical, and morphological data from four bauxite locations in the NDPGB to provide a new palaeogeographical and palaeoenvironmental evolution model for the Lutetian–Rupelian timeframe of the NDPGB. The Eocene climatic conditions began with the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum event (∼56 Ma), followed by the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (∼49 Ma) and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (∼40 Ma), and were completed as a cooling trend culminating around the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (∼34 Ma), with a shift towards an icehouse climate. These events were coeval with the continuous drift of the African continent towards Eurasia and the subsequent closure of the western part of the former Neo-Tethys Ocean associated with massive volcanic activity. Based on the bauxite deposits of the NDPGB, Early Eocene limestones formed in the last phase of the long-lasting Adriatic Carbonate Platform. The Middle Eocene orogenic activity resulted in an elevation in this area. High average temperatures, accelerated hydrological cycles and precipitation, and intensive continental weathering with increased volcanic carbon input resulted in favourable conditions for the development of karst bauxites at this time. Further Upper Eocene tectonic deformation of the NDPGB area resulted in the development of bauxite traps and enabled redeposition of the initial bauxite material. Subsequently, the bauxite deposits were covered with clastic carbonate molasse derived from the intensive erosion of the young Dinaric orogeny. The implications of this study are as follows. First, it provides new information on the timing of bauxitisation in the area by providing the first radiometric zircon geochronology, which refined and restricted the time window for bauxite formation in this region. Additionally, our results provide a new perspective on the possibility of aeolian precursors in karst bauxite formation and provide new constraints on the first tectonic marks of the initial Dinaric orogeny.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1224164/fullkarst bauxiteEocenezircon geochronologyProminaNorth Dalmatian piggyback basinLutetian |
| spellingShingle | Vlatko Brčić István Dunkl Andrea Mindszenty Mihovil Brlek Nina Trinajstić Petra Bajo Blanca Bauluz Ivan Mišur Volker Karius Sanja Šuica Duje Kukoč Alfonso Yuste Elisa Laita Hilmar Von Eynatten Armin Zeh A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia Frontiers in Earth Science karst bauxite Eocene zircon geochronology Promina North Dalmatian piggyback basin Lutetian |
| title | A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia |
| title_full | A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia |
| title_fullStr | A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia |
| title_full_unstemmed | A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia |
| title_short | A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia |
| title_sort | time space window between eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the dinaric foreland basin in the north dalmatia croatia |
| topic | karst bauxite Eocene zircon geochronology Promina North Dalmatian piggyback basin Lutetian |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1224164/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vlatkobrcic atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT istvandunkl atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT andreamindszenty atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT mihovilbrlek atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT ninatrinajstic atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT petrabajo atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT blancabauluz atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT ivanmisur atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT volkerkarius atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT sanjasuica atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT dujekukoc atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT alfonsoyuste atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT elisalaita atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT hilmarvoneynatten atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT arminzeh atimespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT vlatkobrcic timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT istvandunkl timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT andreamindszenty timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT mihovilbrlek timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT ninatrinajstic timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT petrabajo timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT blancabauluz timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT ivanmisur timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT volkerkarius timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT sanjasuica timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT dujekukoc timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT alfonsoyuste timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT elisalaita timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT hilmarvoneynatten timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia AT arminzeh timespacewindowbetweeneocenekarstbauxitegenesisandthefirstmolassedepositioninthedinaricforelandbasininthenorthdalmatiacroatia |