A Paradigm for Targeting Functional Impairment as an Outcome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Although functional impairment is required for a diagnosis in the DSM 5, the time frame and definition of functional impairment is ambiguous. We present a conceptual review clarifying the difference between functional impairment as a stable trait representing strength or disability in various domain...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/8/1014 |
| _version_ | 1797411046744391680 |
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| author | Margaret Danielle Weiss |
| author_facet | Margaret Danielle Weiss |
| author_sort | Margaret Danielle Weiss |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although functional impairment is required for a diagnosis in the DSM 5, the time frame and definition of functional impairment is ambiguous. We present a conceptual review clarifying the difference between functional impairment as a stable trait representing strength or disability in various domains, and functional impairment as secondary to emotional or behavior problems, which is a state sensitive to change with treatment intervention. Functional impairment as a measure of treatment outcome includes both change from baseline and status at the endpoint of treatment. When using a validated measure of function, functional improvement can be defined as the percentage of patients who achieve the Minimal Important Clinical Difference (MCID) and functional remission as the percentage of patients who normalize at treatment endpoint. True treatment remission should be defined as both symptomatic and functional remission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:39:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5485fe727b440e584601a2e545c1ccc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:39:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5485fe727b440e584601a2e545c1ccc2023-12-03T13:23:34ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-07-01128101410.3390/brainsci12081014A Paradigm for Targeting Functional Impairment as an Outcome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderMargaret Danielle Weiss0Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02459, USAAlthough functional impairment is required for a diagnosis in the DSM 5, the time frame and definition of functional impairment is ambiguous. We present a conceptual review clarifying the difference between functional impairment as a stable trait representing strength or disability in various domains, and functional impairment as secondary to emotional or behavior problems, which is a state sensitive to change with treatment intervention. Functional impairment as a measure of treatment outcome includes both change from baseline and status at the endpoint of treatment. When using a validated measure of function, functional improvement can be defined as the percentage of patients who achieve the Minimal Important Clinical Difference (MCID) and functional remission as the percentage of patients who normalize at treatment endpoint. True treatment remission should be defined as both symptomatic and functional remission.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/8/1014functional impairmentmeasurementhyperactivityattention deficitsendpoint treatmentoutcome |
| spellingShingle | Margaret Danielle Weiss A Paradigm for Targeting Functional Impairment as an Outcome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Brain Sciences functional impairment measurement hyperactivity attention deficits endpoint treatment outcome |
| title | A Paradigm for Targeting Functional Impairment as an Outcome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_full | A Paradigm for Targeting Functional Impairment as an Outcome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_fullStr | A Paradigm for Targeting Functional Impairment as an Outcome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Paradigm for Targeting Functional Impairment as an Outcome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_short | A Paradigm for Targeting Functional Impairment as an Outcome in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_sort | paradigm for targeting functional impairment as an outcome in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| topic | functional impairment measurement hyperactivity attention deficits endpoint treatment outcome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/8/1014 |
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