The Causal Effects of Blood Iron and Copper on Lipid Metabolism Diseases: Evidence from Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study

The Causal Effects of Blood Iron and Copper on Lipid Metabolism Diseases: Evidence from Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study

Blood levels of iron and copper, even within their normal ranges, have been associated with a wide range of clinical outcomes. The available epidemiological evidence for these associations is often inconsistent and suffers from confounding and reverse causation. This study aims to examine the causal...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jingqi Zhou, Chang Liu, Michael Francis, Yitang Sun, Moon-Suhn Ryu, Arthur Grider, Kaixiong Ye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-10-01
Series:Nutrients
Subjects:
iron
copper
phenome-wide association study
Mendelian randomization
lipid metabolism disorder
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/3174

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