Time Course of Root Axis Elongation and Lateral Root Formation in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.)
Grasses have a segmental morphology. Compared to leaf development, data on root development at the phytomer level are scarce. Leaf appearance interval was recorded over time to allow inference about the age of segmental sites that later form roots. Hydroponically grown <i>Lolium perenne</i&...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1677 |
| _version_ | 1827684315309277184 |
|---|---|
| author | Arif Hasan Khan Robin Louis John Irving Jim Crush Hans Schnyder Fernando Alfredo Lattanzi Cory Matthew |
| author_facet | Arif Hasan Khan Robin Louis John Irving Jim Crush Hans Schnyder Fernando Alfredo Lattanzi Cory Matthew |
| author_sort | Arif Hasan Khan Robin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grasses have a segmental morphology. Compared to leaf development, data on root development at the phytomer level are scarce. Leaf appearance interval was recorded over time to allow inference about the age of segmental sites that later form roots. Hydroponically grown <i>Lolium perenne</i> cv. Aberdart tillers were studied in both spring and autumn in increasing and decreasing day length conditions, respectively, and dissected to define the development status of roots of known age on successive phytomers basipetally on the tiller axis. Over a 90-day observation period spring and autumn tillers produced 10.4 and 18.1 root bearing phytomers (Pr), respectively. Four stages of root development were identified: (0) main axis elongation (~0–10 days), (1) primary branching (~10–18 days), (2) secondary branching (~18–25 days), and (3) tertiary and quaternary branching without further increase in root dry weight. The individual spring roots achieved significantly greater dry weight (35%) than autumn roots, and a mechanism for seasonal shift in substrate supply to roots is proposed. Our data define a root turnover pattern likely also occurring in field swards and provide insight for modelling the turnover of grass root systems for developing nutrient efficient or stress tolerant ryegrass swards. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:27:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5655a90a3ad49539cfec53535a012a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:27:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5655a90a3ad49539cfec53535a012a22023-11-22T09:19:59ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-08-01108167710.3390/plants10081677Time Course of Root Axis Elongation and Lateral Root Formation in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.)Arif Hasan Khan Robin0Louis John Irving1Jim Crush2Hans Schnyder3Fernando Alfredo Lattanzi4Cory Matthew5Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 02202, BangladeshGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanAgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, PB 3123, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandLehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, GermanyPrograma de Pasturas y Forrajes, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173 Colonia, UruguaySchool of Agriculture and Environment PN433, Massey University, Private Bag11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandGrasses have a segmental morphology. Compared to leaf development, data on root development at the phytomer level are scarce. Leaf appearance interval was recorded over time to allow inference about the age of segmental sites that later form roots. Hydroponically grown <i>Lolium perenne</i> cv. Aberdart tillers were studied in both spring and autumn in increasing and decreasing day length conditions, respectively, and dissected to define the development status of roots of known age on successive phytomers basipetally on the tiller axis. Over a 90-day observation period spring and autumn tillers produced 10.4 and 18.1 root bearing phytomers (Pr), respectively. Four stages of root development were identified: (0) main axis elongation (~0–10 days), (1) primary branching (~10–18 days), (2) secondary branching (~18–25 days), and (3) tertiary and quaternary branching without further increase in root dry weight. The individual spring roots achieved significantly greater dry weight (35%) than autumn roots, and a mechanism for seasonal shift in substrate supply to roots is proposed. Our data define a root turnover pattern likely also occurring in field swards and provide insight for modelling the turnover of grass root systems for developing nutrient efficient or stress tolerant ryegrass swards.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1677<i>Lolium perenne</i>root developmentroot elongationlateral rootsroot branchingroot dry weight |
| spellingShingle | Arif Hasan Khan Robin Louis John Irving Jim Crush Hans Schnyder Fernando Alfredo Lattanzi Cory Matthew Time Course of Root Axis Elongation and Lateral Root Formation in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) Plants <i>Lolium perenne</i> root development root elongation lateral roots root branching root dry weight |
| title | Time Course of Root Axis Elongation and Lateral Root Formation in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) |
| title_full | Time Course of Root Axis Elongation and Lateral Root Formation in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Time Course of Root Axis Elongation and Lateral Root Formation in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time Course of Root Axis Elongation and Lateral Root Formation in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) |
| title_short | Time Course of Root Axis Elongation and Lateral Root Formation in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) |
| title_sort | time course of root axis elongation and lateral root formation in perennial ryegrass i lolium perenne i l |
| topic | <i>Lolium perenne</i> root development root elongation lateral roots root branching root dry weight |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1677 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arifhasankhanrobin timecourseofrootaxiselongationandlateralrootformationinperennialryegrassiloliumperenneil AT louisjohnirving timecourseofrootaxiselongationandlateralrootformationinperennialryegrassiloliumperenneil AT jimcrush timecourseofrootaxiselongationandlateralrootformationinperennialryegrassiloliumperenneil AT hansschnyder timecourseofrootaxiselongationandlateralrootformationinperennialryegrassiloliumperenneil AT fernandoalfredolattanzi timecourseofrootaxiselongationandlateralrootformationinperennialryegrassiloliumperenneil AT corymatthew timecourseofrootaxiselongationandlateralrootformationinperennialryegrassiloliumperenneil |