Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system
The circadian rhythm is a critical system that governs an organism’s functions in alignment with the light-dark cycle. Melatonin release from the pineal gland plays a crucial role in regulating the internal clock of the body. Multiple neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system are linked...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Open Exploration Publishing Inc.
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Exploration of Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/100629 |
| _version_ | 1797374110438785024 |
|---|---|
| author | Utku Aykan Muhammed Cihan Güvel Gökçen Paykal Canan Uluoglu |
| author_facet | Utku Aykan Muhammed Cihan Güvel Gökçen Paykal Canan Uluoglu |
| author_sort | Utku Aykan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The circadian rhythm is a critical system that governs an organism’s functions in alignment with the light-dark cycle. Melatonin release from the pineal gland plays a crucial role in regulating the internal clock of the body. Multiple neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system are linked to the release of melatonin. In this review, the relationship between circadian rhythm, melatonin secretion and various neurotransmitter systems are mainly discussed. Serotonin regulates the circadian rhythm through projections from raphe nuclei. Agomelatine is an example of the synergistic interaction between melatonin and serotonin. Melatonergic agents and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors also exert notable impacts on depression in concomitant use. Dopamine has an inhibitory effect on melatonin release, while melatonin also inhibits dopamine release. This should be taken into account when considering the use of melatonin in Parkinson’s disease. On the contrary, use of melatonin may offer therapeutic advantages for schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia. The interaction between norepinephrine and melatonin exhibits diurnal variability, with norepinephrine promoting arousal and inhibiting daytime melatonin secretion. Melatonergic neurons also exert a specific protective influence on cholinergic neurons. Interaction between the histaminergic and melatonergic systems is significant, particularly in association with immunity, sleep, and circadian rhythm. Novel ligands with dual-acting properties, interacting with both the histaminergic and melatonergic systems are investigated. Currently, there is a limited number of approved melatonergic agents that primarily demonstrate positive effects in addressing insomnia and depression. However, there is considerable potential in studying new agents that target both the melatonergic and other neurotransmitter systems, which alleviate various conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, dementia, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, epilepsy, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The ongoing process of developing and evaluating new ligands selectively targeting the melatonergic system remains crucial in understanding the complex relationship between these systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:00:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b569dba724844592b9bd777f77fc4dec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2834-5347 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:00:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Open Exploration Publishing Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploration of Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-b569dba724844592b9bd777f77fc4dec2023-12-28T05:30:10ZengOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.Exploration of Neuroscience2834-53472023-12-012628730610.37349/en.2023.00029Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic systemUtku Aykan0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-543XMuhammed Cihan Güvel1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-0853Gökçen Paykal2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-5190Canan Uluoglu3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-5794Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06560, TürkiyeDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06560, TürkiyeDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06560, TürkiyeDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06560, TürkiyeThe circadian rhythm is a critical system that governs an organism’s functions in alignment with the light-dark cycle. Melatonin release from the pineal gland plays a crucial role in regulating the internal clock of the body. Multiple neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system are linked to the release of melatonin. In this review, the relationship between circadian rhythm, melatonin secretion and various neurotransmitter systems are mainly discussed. Serotonin regulates the circadian rhythm through projections from raphe nuclei. Agomelatine is an example of the synergistic interaction between melatonin and serotonin. Melatonergic agents and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors also exert notable impacts on depression in concomitant use. Dopamine has an inhibitory effect on melatonin release, while melatonin also inhibits dopamine release. This should be taken into account when considering the use of melatonin in Parkinson’s disease. On the contrary, use of melatonin may offer therapeutic advantages for schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia. The interaction between norepinephrine and melatonin exhibits diurnal variability, with norepinephrine promoting arousal and inhibiting daytime melatonin secretion. Melatonergic neurons also exert a specific protective influence on cholinergic neurons. Interaction between the histaminergic and melatonergic systems is significant, particularly in association with immunity, sleep, and circadian rhythm. Novel ligands with dual-acting properties, interacting with both the histaminergic and melatonergic systems are investigated. Currently, there is a limited number of approved melatonergic agents that primarily demonstrate positive effects in addressing insomnia and depression. However, there is considerable potential in studying new agents that target both the melatonergic and other neurotransmitter systems, which alleviate various conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, dementia, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, epilepsy, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The ongoing process of developing and evaluating new ligands selectively targeting the melatonergic system remains crucial in understanding the complex relationship between these systems.https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/100629circadian rhythmneurotransmittermelatoninneuropharmacology |
| spellingShingle | Utku Aykan Muhammed Cihan Güvel Gökçen Paykal Canan Uluoglu Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system Exploration of Neuroscience circadian rhythm neurotransmitter melatonin neuropharmacology |
| title | Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system |
| title_full | Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system |
| title_fullStr | Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system |
| title_short | Neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system |
| title_sort | neuropharmacologic modulation of the melatonergic system |
| topic | circadian rhythm neurotransmitter melatonin neuropharmacology |
| url | https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/100629 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT utkuaykan neuropharmacologicmodulationofthemelatonergicsystem AT muhammedcihanguvel neuropharmacologicmodulationofthemelatonergicsystem AT gokcenpaykal neuropharmacologicmodulationofthemelatonergicsystem AT cananuluoglu neuropharmacologicmodulationofthemelatonergicsystem |