Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected
Abstract HIV exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants and children are at risk of developmental delays as compared to HIV uninfected unexposed (HUU) populations. The effects of exposure to in utero HIV and ART regimens on the HEU the developing brain are not well understood. In a cohort of 2-week-old newbor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58339-6 |
| _version_ | 1797199563818270720 |
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| author | Ndivhuwo Magondo Ernesta M. Meintjes Fleur L. Warton Francesca Little Andre J. W. van der Kouwe Barbara Laughton Marcin Jankiewicz Martha J. Holmes |
| author_facet | Ndivhuwo Magondo Ernesta M. Meintjes Fleur L. Warton Francesca Little Andre J. W. van der Kouwe Barbara Laughton Marcin Jankiewicz Martha J. Holmes |
| author_sort | Ndivhuwo Magondo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract HIV exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants and children are at risk of developmental delays as compared to HIV uninfected unexposed (HUU) populations. The effects of exposure to in utero HIV and ART regimens on the HEU the developing brain are not well understood. In a cohort of 2-week-old newborns, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography and graph theory to examine the influence of HIV and ART exposure in utero on neonate white matter integrity and organisation. The cohort included HEU infants born to mothers who started ART before conception (HEUpre) and after conception (HEUpost), as well as HUU infants from the same community. We investigated HIV exposure and ART duration group differences in DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD)) and graph measures across white matter. We found increased MD in white matter connections involving the thalamus and limbic system in the HEUpre group compared to HUU. We further identified reduced nodal efficiency in the basal ganglia. Within the HEUpost group, we observed reduced FA in cortical-subcortical and cerebellar connections as well as decreased transitivity in the hindbrain area compared to HUU. Overall, our analysis demonstrated distinct alterations in white matter integrity related to the timing of maternal ART initiation that influence regional brain network properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:17:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b575c6fb9f454f018b78a30f1a3ad253 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:17:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-b575c6fb9f454f018b78a30f1a3ad2532024-04-21T11:14:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-04-0114111510.1038/s41598-024-58339-6Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfectedNdivhuwo Magondo0Ernesta M. Meintjes1Fleur L. Warton2Francesca Little3Andre J. W. van der Kouwe4Barbara Laughton5Marcin Jankiewicz6Martha J. Holmes7Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape TownDivision of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape TownDivision of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape TownDepartment of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape TownDivision of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape TownDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health and Tygerberg Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Stellenbosch UniversityDivision of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape TownDivision of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape TownAbstract HIV exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants and children are at risk of developmental delays as compared to HIV uninfected unexposed (HUU) populations. The effects of exposure to in utero HIV and ART regimens on the HEU the developing brain are not well understood. In a cohort of 2-week-old newborns, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography and graph theory to examine the influence of HIV and ART exposure in utero on neonate white matter integrity and organisation. The cohort included HEU infants born to mothers who started ART before conception (HEUpre) and after conception (HEUpost), as well as HUU infants from the same community. We investigated HIV exposure and ART duration group differences in DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD)) and graph measures across white matter. We found increased MD in white matter connections involving the thalamus and limbic system in the HEUpre group compared to HUU. We further identified reduced nodal efficiency in the basal ganglia. Within the HEUpost group, we observed reduced FA in cortical-subcortical and cerebellar connections as well as decreased transitivity in the hindbrain area compared to HUU. Overall, our analysis demonstrated distinct alterations in white matter integrity related to the timing of maternal ART initiation that influence regional brain network properties.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58339-6 |
| spellingShingle | Ndivhuwo Magondo Ernesta M. Meintjes Fleur L. Warton Francesca Little Andre J. W. van der Kouwe Barbara Laughton Marcin Jankiewicz Martha J. Holmes Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected Scientific Reports |
| title | Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected |
| title_full | Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected |
| title_fullStr | Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected |
| title_short | Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected |
| title_sort | distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to hiv but uninfected |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58339-6 |
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