Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians
Emerging infectious disease is a key factor in the loss of amphibian diversity. In particular, the disease chytridiomycosis has caused severe declines around the world. The lethal fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has affected amphibians in many diffe...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.687084/full |
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| author | Ciara N. Sheets Deena R. Schmidt Paul J. Hurtado Allison Q. Byrne Allison Q. Byrne Erica Bree Rosenblum Erica Bree Rosenblum Corinne L. Richards-Zawacki Jamie Voyles |
| author_facet | Ciara N. Sheets Deena R. Schmidt Paul J. Hurtado Allison Q. Byrne Allison Q. Byrne Erica Bree Rosenblum Erica Bree Rosenblum Corinne L. Richards-Zawacki Jamie Voyles |
| author_sort | Ciara N. Sheets |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Emerging infectious disease is a key factor in the loss of amphibian diversity. In particular, the disease chytridiomycosis has caused severe declines around the world. The lethal fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has affected amphibians in many different environments. One primary question for researchers grappling with disease-induced losses of amphibian biodiversity is what abiotic factors drive Bd pathogenicity in different environments. To study environmental influences on Bd pathogenicity, we quantified responses of Bd phenotypic traits (e.g., viability, zoospore densities, growth rates, and carrying capacities) over a range of environmental temperatures to generate thermal performance curves. We selected multiple Bd isolates that belong to a single genetic lineage but that were collected across a latitudinal gradient. For the population viability, we found that the isolates had similar thermal optima at 21°C, but there was considerable variation among the isolates in maximum viability at that temperature. Additionally, we found the densities of infectious zoospores varied among isolates across all temperatures. Our results suggest that temperatures across geographic point of origin (latitude) may explain some of the variation in Bd viability through vertical shifts in maximal performance. However, the same pattern was not evident for other reproductive parameters (zoospore densities, growth rates, fecundity), underscoring the importance of measuring multiple traits to understand variation in pathogen responses to environmental conditions. We suggest that variation among Bd genetic variants due to environmental factors may be an important determinant of disease dynamics for amphibians across a range of diverse environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T00:50:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b57816d372aa46139e4cc2aa587cda6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T00:50:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b57816d372aa46139e4cc2aa587cda6b2022-12-21T19:59:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692021-06-01810.3389/fvets.2021.687084687084Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of AmphibiansCiara N. Sheets0Deena R. Schmidt1Paul J. Hurtado2Allison Q. Byrne3Allison Q. Byrne4Erica Bree Rosenblum5Erica Bree Rosenblum6Corinne L. Richards-Zawacki7Jamie Voyles8Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United StatesDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United StatesDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United StatesDepartment of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United StatesMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United StatesDepartment of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United StatesMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesDepartment of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United StatesEmerging infectious disease is a key factor in the loss of amphibian diversity. In particular, the disease chytridiomycosis has caused severe declines around the world. The lethal fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has affected amphibians in many different environments. One primary question for researchers grappling with disease-induced losses of amphibian biodiversity is what abiotic factors drive Bd pathogenicity in different environments. To study environmental influences on Bd pathogenicity, we quantified responses of Bd phenotypic traits (e.g., viability, zoospore densities, growth rates, and carrying capacities) over a range of environmental temperatures to generate thermal performance curves. We selected multiple Bd isolates that belong to a single genetic lineage but that were collected across a latitudinal gradient. For the population viability, we found that the isolates had similar thermal optima at 21°C, but there was considerable variation among the isolates in maximum viability at that temperature. Additionally, we found the densities of infectious zoospores varied among isolates across all temperatures. Our results suggest that temperatures across geographic point of origin (latitude) may explain some of the variation in Bd viability through vertical shifts in maximal performance. However, the same pattern was not evident for other reproductive parameters (zoospore densities, growth rates, fecundity), underscoring the importance of measuring multiple traits to understand variation in pathogen responses to environmental conditions. We suggest that variation among Bd genetic variants due to environmental factors may be an important determinant of disease dynamics for amphibians across a range of diverse environments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.687084/fullamphibian declineschytridiomycosisBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisthermal performance curvesclimatelatitudinal gradient |
| spellingShingle | Ciara N. Sheets Deena R. Schmidt Paul J. Hurtado Allison Q. Byrne Allison Q. Byrne Erica Bree Rosenblum Erica Bree Rosenblum Corinne L. Richards-Zawacki Jamie Voyles Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians Frontiers in Veterinary Science amphibian declines chytridiomycosis Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis thermal performance curves climate latitudinal gradient |
| title | Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians |
| title_full | Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians |
| title_fullStr | Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians |
| title_short | Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians |
| title_sort | thermal performance curves of multiple isolates of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis a lethal pathogen of amphibians |
| topic | amphibian declines chytridiomycosis Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis thermal performance curves climate latitudinal gradient |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.687084/full |
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