Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting
Soil-borne pathogenic fungi (SBPF) and root-knot nematodes (RKN) co-exist in the rhizosphere and are major pathogens causing root diseases in cucurbits. Current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens of cucurbit crops grown under protected cultivation, their host-pathogen interactions, and mechanisms of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1641 |
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| author | Alejandro Ayala-Doñas Miguel de Cara-García Miguel Talavera-Rubia Soledad Verdejo-Lucas |
| author_facet | Alejandro Ayala-Doñas Miguel de Cara-García Miguel Talavera-Rubia Soledad Verdejo-Lucas |
| author_sort | Alejandro Ayala-Doñas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil-borne pathogenic fungi (SBPF) and root-knot nematodes (RKN) co-exist in the rhizosphere and are major pathogens causing root diseases in cucurbits. Current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens of cucurbit crops grown under protected cultivation, their host-pathogen interactions, and mechanisms of resistance has been reviewed. Plant resistance is an effective and sustainable method to control soil-borne diseases and the available resistant cultivars and rootstocks to key soil-borne pathogens are reported. The importance of proper pathogen diagnosis in the right choice of cultivar or rootstock is highlighted because of the specificity in the response of the cucurbit crops to fungal and nematode species and races. Plants protect themselves through common mechanisms of resistance against SBPF and RKN including hardening of their cell walls, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and production of antimicrobial molecules. The activity of some enzymes, such as peroxidases and phenylalanine lyase, is increased after pathogen infection and is higher on SBPF and RKN resistant than susceptible cucurbits. Plant hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene are involved in the response of cucurbits to SBPF. Most mechanisms of resistance to RKN affect post-infection development of the nematode, which results in a delay or disruption of the life cycle. Traditional and biotechnological tools used for breeding for resistance in cucurbits are described. Grafting is an effective non-host resistance method to control primarily Fusarium wilt but not to control RKN. However, new rootstocks with resistance to both pathogens have been developed recently and their effects on fruit quality and yield stability need additional studies. The impact of grafting on yield in pathogen-infested soils is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:22:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b584cfdd2f664e23bbeae6770694ee73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:22:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b584cfdd2f664e23bbeae6770694ee732023-11-20T18:26:01ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-10-011011164110.3390/agronomy10111641Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and GraftingAlejandro Ayala-Doñas0Miguel de Cara-García1Miguel Talavera-Rubia2Soledad Verdejo-Lucas3Institute for Research and Training in Agriculture and Fisheries, IFAPA La Mojonera, Autovía del Mediterráneo, Salida 420, Paraje San Nicolás, La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, SpainInstitute for Research and Training in Agriculture and Fisheries, IFAPA La Mojonera, Autovía del Mediterráneo, Salida 420, Paraje San Nicolás, La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, SpainInstitute for Research and Training in Agriculture and Fisheries, IFAPA Alameda del Obispo. Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004 Córdoba, SpainInstitute for Research and Training in Agriculture and Fisheries, IFAPA La Mojonera, Autovía del Mediterráneo, Salida 420, Paraje San Nicolás, La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, SpainSoil-borne pathogenic fungi (SBPF) and root-knot nematodes (RKN) co-exist in the rhizosphere and are major pathogens causing root diseases in cucurbits. Current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens of cucurbit crops grown under protected cultivation, their host-pathogen interactions, and mechanisms of resistance has been reviewed. Plant resistance is an effective and sustainable method to control soil-borne diseases and the available resistant cultivars and rootstocks to key soil-borne pathogens are reported. The importance of proper pathogen diagnosis in the right choice of cultivar or rootstock is highlighted because of the specificity in the response of the cucurbit crops to fungal and nematode species and races. Plants protect themselves through common mechanisms of resistance against SBPF and RKN including hardening of their cell walls, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and production of antimicrobial molecules. The activity of some enzymes, such as peroxidases and phenylalanine lyase, is increased after pathogen infection and is higher on SBPF and RKN resistant than susceptible cucurbits. Plant hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene are involved in the response of cucurbits to SBPF. Most mechanisms of resistance to RKN affect post-infection development of the nematode, which results in a delay or disruption of the life cycle. Traditional and biotechnological tools used for breeding for resistance in cucurbits are described. Grafting is an effective non-host resistance method to control primarily Fusarium wilt but not to control RKN. However, new rootstocks with resistance to both pathogens have been developed recently and their effects on fruit quality and yield stability need additional studies. The impact of grafting on yield in pathogen-infested soils is discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1641cucumberbreeding<i>Fusarium</i>graftingmelon<i>Meloidogyne</i> |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro Ayala-Doñas Miguel de Cara-García Miguel Talavera-Rubia Soledad Verdejo-Lucas Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting Agronomy cucumber breeding <i>Fusarium</i> grafting melon <i>Meloidogyne</i> |
| title | Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting |
| title_full | Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting |
| title_fullStr | Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting |
| title_short | Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting |
| title_sort | management of soil borne fungi and root knot nematodes in cucurbits through breeding for resistance and grafting |
| topic | cucumber breeding <i>Fusarium</i> grafting melon <i>Meloidogyne</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1641 |
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