Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors
Pyroptosis is an active and ordered form of programmed cell death. The signaling pathways of pyroptosis are mainly divided into canonical pathways mediated by caspase-1 and noncanonical pathways mediated by caspase-11. Cell pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases (main...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/16115 |
| _version_ | 1797457219497754624 |
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| author | Shaoqiang Wei Min Feng Shidong Zhang |
| author_facet | Shaoqiang Wei Min Feng Shidong Zhang |
| author_sort | Shaoqiang Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pyroptosis is an active and ordered form of programmed cell death. The signaling pathways of pyroptosis are mainly divided into canonical pathways mediated by caspase-1 and noncanonical pathways mediated by caspase-11. Cell pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases (mainly caspase-1, 4, 5, 11) and cleavage of various members of the Gasdermin family to form membrane perforation components, leading to cell membrane rupture, inflammatory mediators release, and cell death. Moderate pyroptosis is an innate immune response that fights against infection and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the normal function of the immune system. However, excessive pyroptosis occurs and leads to immune disorders in many pathological conditions. Based on canonical pathways, research on pyroptosis regulation has demonstrated several pyroptotic inhibitors, including small-molecule drugs, natural products, and formulations of traditional Chinese medicines. In this paper, we review the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, summarize inhibitors of pyroptosis, and propound that herbal medicines should be a focus on the research and development for pyroptosis blockers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:19:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b58c51e24d644f7287f60b8d24d7b64b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:19:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b58c51e24d644f7287f60b8d24d7b64b2023-11-24T15:33:15ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-12-0123241611510.3390/ijms232416115Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and InhibitorsShaoqiang Wei0Min Feng1Shidong Zhang2Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaPyroptosis is an active and ordered form of programmed cell death. The signaling pathways of pyroptosis are mainly divided into canonical pathways mediated by caspase-1 and noncanonical pathways mediated by caspase-11. Cell pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases (mainly caspase-1, 4, 5, 11) and cleavage of various members of the Gasdermin family to form membrane perforation components, leading to cell membrane rupture, inflammatory mediators release, and cell death. Moderate pyroptosis is an innate immune response that fights against infection and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the normal function of the immune system. However, excessive pyroptosis occurs and leads to immune disorders in many pathological conditions. Based on canonical pathways, research on pyroptosis regulation has demonstrated several pyroptotic inhibitors, including small-molecule drugs, natural products, and formulations of traditional Chinese medicines. In this paper, we review the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, summarize inhibitors of pyroptosis, and propound that herbal medicines should be a focus on the research and development for pyroptosis blockers.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/16115pyroptosisinflammatory caspaseinflammasomepyroptosis blockersherbal medicine |
| spellingShingle | Shaoqiang Wei Min Feng Shidong Zhang Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors International Journal of Molecular Sciences pyroptosis inflammatory caspase inflammasome pyroptosis blockers herbal medicine |
| title | Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors |
| title_full | Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors |
| title_short | Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors |
| title_sort | molecular characteristics of cell pyroptosis and its inhibitors a review of activation regulation and inhibitors |
| topic | pyroptosis inflammatory caspase inflammasome pyroptosis blockers herbal medicine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/16115 |
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