Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of Tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the PCV13
IntroductionPneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced severe disease attributed to vaccine-type pneumococci in children. However, the effect is dependent on serotype distribution in the population and disease development may be influenced by co-occurrence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the n...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1298222/full |
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| author | Matilda Emgård Matilda Emgård Matilda Emgård Maria Andersson Maria Andersson Lucia Gonzales-Siles Sia E. Msuya Balthazar M. Nyombi Rickard Nordén Rickard Nordén Florida Muro Florida Muro Magnus Lindh Magnus Lindh Rune Andersson Rune Andersson Rune Andersson Susann Skovbjerg Susann Skovbjerg Susann Skovbjerg |
| author_facet | Matilda Emgård Matilda Emgård Matilda Emgård Maria Andersson Maria Andersson Lucia Gonzales-Siles Sia E. Msuya Balthazar M. Nyombi Rickard Nordén Rickard Nordén Florida Muro Florida Muro Magnus Lindh Magnus Lindh Rune Andersson Rune Andersson Rune Andersson Susann Skovbjerg Susann Skovbjerg Susann Skovbjerg |
| author_sort | Matilda Emgård |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced severe disease attributed to vaccine-type pneumococci in children. However, the effect is dependent on serotype distribution in the population and disease development may be influenced by co-occurrence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx.MethodsFollowing introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Tanzania we performed repeated cross-sectional surveys, including 775 children below 2 years of age attending primary healthcare centers. All children were sampled from nasopharynx and pneumococci were detected by single-target PCR. Pneumococcal serotypes/groups and presence of viruses and other bacteria were determined by two multiplex PCR assays.ResultsThe prevalence of PCV13 vaccine-type pneumococci decreased by 50%, but residual vaccine-types were still detected in 21% of the children 2 years after PCV13 introduction. An increase in the non-vaccine-type 15 BC was observed. Pneumococci were often co-occurring with Haemophilus influenzae, and detection of rhino/enterovirus was associated with higher pneumococcal load.DiscussionWe conclude that presence of residual vaccine-type and emerging non-vaccine-type pneumococci in Tanzanian children demand continued pneumococcal surveillance. High co-occurrence of viral and bacterial pathogens may contribute to the disease burden and indicate the need of multiple public health interventions to improve child health in Tanzania. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:24:28Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b58c7e3c716b4bf6876b7059c0e5fb14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:24:28Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-b58c7e3c716b4bf6876b7059c0e5fb142024-01-22T12:04:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-01-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.12982221298222Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of Tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the PCV13Matilda Emgård0Matilda Emgård1Matilda Emgård2Maria Andersson3Maria Andersson4Lucia Gonzales-Siles5Sia E. Msuya6Balthazar M. Nyombi7Rickard Nordén8Rickard Nordén9Florida Muro10Florida Muro11Magnus Lindh12Magnus Lindh13Rune Andersson14Rune Andersson15Rune Andersson16Susann Skovbjerg17Susann Skovbjerg18Susann Skovbjerg19Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenCenter for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, TanzaniaInstitute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, TanzaniaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, TanzaniaDepartment of Community Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, TanzaniaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenCenter for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenCenter for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenIntroductionPneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced severe disease attributed to vaccine-type pneumococci in children. However, the effect is dependent on serotype distribution in the population and disease development may be influenced by co-occurrence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx.MethodsFollowing introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Tanzania we performed repeated cross-sectional surveys, including 775 children below 2 years of age attending primary healthcare centers. All children were sampled from nasopharynx and pneumococci were detected by single-target PCR. Pneumococcal serotypes/groups and presence of viruses and other bacteria were determined by two multiplex PCR assays.ResultsThe prevalence of PCV13 vaccine-type pneumococci decreased by 50%, but residual vaccine-types were still detected in 21% of the children 2 years after PCV13 introduction. An increase in the non-vaccine-type 15 BC was observed. Pneumococci were often co-occurring with Haemophilus influenzae, and detection of rhino/enterovirus was associated with higher pneumococcal load.DiscussionWe conclude that presence of residual vaccine-type and emerging non-vaccine-type pneumococci in Tanzanian children demand continued pneumococcal surveillance. High co-occurrence of viral and bacterial pathogens may contribute to the disease burden and indicate the need of multiple public health interventions to improve child health in Tanzania.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1298222/fullStreptococcus pneumoniaepneumococcal conjugate vaccinesvirusesinfantsub-Saharan Africa |
| spellingShingle | Matilda Emgård Matilda Emgård Matilda Emgård Maria Andersson Maria Andersson Lucia Gonzales-Siles Sia E. Msuya Balthazar M. Nyombi Rickard Nordén Rickard Nordén Florida Muro Florida Muro Magnus Lindh Magnus Lindh Rune Andersson Rune Andersson Rune Andersson Susann Skovbjerg Susann Skovbjerg Susann Skovbjerg Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of Tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the PCV13 Frontiers in Public Health Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal conjugate vaccines viruses infant sub-Saharan Africa |
| title | Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of Tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the PCV13 |
| title_full | Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of Tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the PCV13 |
| title_fullStr | Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of Tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the PCV13 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of Tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the PCV13 |
| title_short | Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of Tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the PCV13 |
| title_sort | co occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution of streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of tanzanian children below 2 years of age following introduction of the pcv13 |
| topic | Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal conjugate vaccines viruses infant sub-Saharan Africa |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1298222/full |
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