Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Energy Absorption Air-Conditioning System Operating with NaOH-H2O—Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California Sur), “La Reforma” Case
Solar and geothermal energies are considered cleaner and more useful energy sources that can be used to avoid the negative environmental impacts caused by burning fossil fuels. Several works have reported air-conditioning systems that use solar energy coupled to geothermal renewable energy as a ther...
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MDPI AG
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/5/1268 |
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| author | Yuridiana Rocio Galindo-Luna Efraín Gómez-Arias Rosenberg J. Romero Eduardo Venegas-Reyes Moisés Montiel-González Helene Emmi Karin Unland-Weiss Pedro Pacheco-Hernández Antonio González-Fernández Jorge Díaz-Salgado |
| author_facet | Yuridiana Rocio Galindo-Luna Efraín Gómez-Arias Rosenberg J. Romero Eduardo Venegas-Reyes Moisés Montiel-González Helene Emmi Karin Unland-Weiss Pedro Pacheco-Hernández Antonio González-Fernández Jorge Díaz-Salgado |
| author_sort | Yuridiana Rocio Galindo-Luna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Solar and geothermal energies are considered cleaner and more useful energy sources that can be used to avoid the negative environmental impacts caused by burning fossil fuels. Several works have reported air-conditioning systems that use solar energy coupled to geothermal renewable energy as a thermal source. In this study, an Absorption Air-Conditioning System (AACS) used sodium hydroxide-water (NaOH-H2O) instead of lithium bromide-water to reduce the cost. Low enthalpy geothermal heat was derived from two shallow wells, 50 and 55 m deep. These wells are of interest due to the thermal recovery (temperature vs. time) of 56.2 °C that was possible at the maximum depth, which can be used for the first stage of the process. These wells were coupled with solar energy as a geothermal energy application for direct uses such as air-conditioning systems. We studied the performance of an absorption cooling system operating with a NaOH-H2O mixture and using a parabolic trough plant coupled with a low enthalpy geothermal heat system as a hybrid heat source, as an alternative process that can help reduce operating costs and carbon dioxide emissions. The numerical heat transfer results showed the maximum convective heat transfer coefficient, as function of fluid velocity, and maximum temperature for a depth higher than 40 m. The results showed that the highest temperatures occur at low fluid velocities of less than or equal to 5.0 m/s. Under these conditions, reaching temperatures between 51.0 and 56.2 °C in the well was possible, which is required of the geothermal energy for the solar energy process. A water stream was used as the working fluid in the parabolic trough collector field. During the evaluation stage, the average experimental storage tank temperature achieved by the parabolic trough plant was 93.8 °C on October 23 and 92.9 °C on October 25, 2017. The numerical simulation used to evaluate the performance of the absorption cycle used a generator temperature of 90 °C, a condenser and absorber temperature at 35 °C, and an evaporator temperature of 10 °C. The Coefficient of Performance was calculated as 0.71 under design conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:45:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b58d4eac876c4c2db06ba3eebc2e6af8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:45:48Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-b58d4eac876c4c2db06ba3eebc2e6af82022-12-22T02:11:28ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-05-01115126810.3390/en11051268en11051268Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Energy Absorption Air-Conditioning System Operating with NaOH-H2O—Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California Sur), “La Reforma” CaseYuridiana Rocio Galindo-Luna0Efraín Gómez-Arias1Rosenberg J. Romero2Eduardo Venegas-Reyes3Moisés Montiel-González4Helene Emmi Karin Unland-Weiss5Pedro Pacheco-Hernández6Antonio González-Fernández7Jorge Díaz-Salgado8Engineering and Applied Science Postgraduate School, Morelos State Autonomous University (UAEM), Morelos 62209, MexicoCONACYT-Division of Earth Sciences, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, MexicoEngineering and Applied Sciences Research Centre, Morelos State Autonomous University (UAEM), Morelos 62209, MexicoCONACyT-Research Center of Advanced Materials (CIMAV), Durango 34000, MexicoSchool of Chemical Science and Engineering, Morelos State Autonomous University (UAEM), Morelos 62209, MexicoMexican Institute for Water Technologies (IMTA), Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Progreso C. P. 62550, Jiutepec Morelos, MéxicoMexican Institute for Water Technologies (IMTA), Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Progreso C. P. 62550, Jiutepec Morelos, MéxicoDivision of Earth Sciences, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, MexicoEcatepec Technological Higher Studies TESE Av. Tecnológico S/N, Col. Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec Edo. de Mexico 55210, MexicoSolar and geothermal energies are considered cleaner and more useful energy sources that can be used to avoid the negative environmental impacts caused by burning fossil fuels. Several works have reported air-conditioning systems that use solar energy coupled to geothermal renewable energy as a thermal source. In this study, an Absorption Air-Conditioning System (AACS) used sodium hydroxide-water (NaOH-H2O) instead of lithium bromide-water to reduce the cost. Low enthalpy geothermal heat was derived from two shallow wells, 50 and 55 m deep. These wells are of interest due to the thermal recovery (temperature vs. time) of 56.2 °C that was possible at the maximum depth, which can be used for the first stage of the process. These wells were coupled with solar energy as a geothermal energy application for direct uses such as air-conditioning systems. We studied the performance of an absorption cooling system operating with a NaOH-H2O mixture and using a parabolic trough plant coupled with a low enthalpy geothermal heat system as a hybrid heat source, as an alternative process that can help reduce operating costs and carbon dioxide emissions. The numerical heat transfer results showed the maximum convective heat transfer coefficient, as function of fluid velocity, and maximum temperature for a depth higher than 40 m. The results showed that the highest temperatures occur at low fluid velocities of less than or equal to 5.0 m/s. Under these conditions, reaching temperatures between 51.0 and 56.2 °C in the well was possible, which is required of the geothermal energy for the solar energy process. A water stream was used as the working fluid in the parabolic trough collector field. During the evaluation stage, the average experimental storage tank temperature achieved by the parabolic trough plant was 93.8 °C on October 23 and 92.9 °C on October 25, 2017. The numerical simulation used to evaluate the performance of the absorption cycle used a generator temperature of 90 °C, a condenser and absorber temperature at 35 °C, and an evaporator temperature of 10 °C. The Coefficient of Performance was calculated as 0.71 under design conditions.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/5/1268NaOH-H2Oair-conditioning absorptionparabolic trough collectorshallow geothermal sourceenergy recoveryCOP |
| spellingShingle | Yuridiana Rocio Galindo-Luna Efraín Gómez-Arias Rosenberg J. Romero Eduardo Venegas-Reyes Moisés Montiel-González Helene Emmi Karin Unland-Weiss Pedro Pacheco-Hernández Antonio González-Fernández Jorge Díaz-Salgado Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Energy Absorption Air-Conditioning System Operating with NaOH-H2O—Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California Sur), “La Reforma” Case Energies NaOH-H2O air-conditioning absorption parabolic trough collector shallow geothermal source energy recovery COP |
| title | Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Energy Absorption Air-Conditioning System Operating with NaOH-H2O—Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California Sur), “La Reforma” Case |
| title_full | Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Energy Absorption Air-Conditioning System Operating with NaOH-H2O—Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California Sur), “La Reforma” Case |
| title_fullStr | Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Energy Absorption Air-Conditioning System Operating with NaOH-H2O—Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California Sur), “La Reforma” Case |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Energy Absorption Air-Conditioning System Operating with NaOH-H2O—Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California Sur), “La Reforma” Case |
| title_short | Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Energy Absorption Air-Conditioning System Operating with NaOH-H2O—Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California Sur), “La Reforma” Case |
| title_sort | hybrid solar geothermal energy absorption air conditioning system operating with naoh h2o las tres virgenes baja california sur la reforma case |
| topic | NaOH-H2O air-conditioning absorption parabolic trough collector shallow geothermal source energy recovery COP |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/5/1268 |
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