Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis
Esters are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications in various industries due to their unique properties and pleasant aromas. Conventionally, the manufacture of these compounds has relied on the chemical route. Nevertheless, this technique employs high temperatures and inorganic catalys...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/1/268 |
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| author | Salvadora Ortega-Requena Claudia Montiel Fuensanta Máximo María Gómez María Dolores Murcia Josefa Bastida |
| author_facet | Salvadora Ortega-Requena Claudia Montiel Fuensanta Máximo María Gómez María Dolores Murcia Josefa Bastida |
| author_sort | Salvadora Ortega-Requena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Esters are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications in various industries due to their unique properties and pleasant aromas. Conventionally, the manufacture of these compounds has relied on the chemical route. Nevertheless, this technique employs high temperatures and inorganic catalysts, resulting in undesired additional steps to purify the final product by removing solvent residues, which decreases environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. In accordance with the principles of “Green Chemistry” and the search for more environmentally friendly methods, a new alternative, the enzymatic route, has been introduced. This technique uses low temperatures and does not require the use of solvents, resulting in more environmentally friendly final products. Despite the large number of studies published on the biocatalytic synthesis of esters, little attention has been paid to the reactors used for it. Therefore, it is convenient to gather the scattered information regarding the type of reactor employed in these synthesis reactions, considering the industrial field in which the process is carried out. A comparison between the performance of the different reactor configurations will allow us to draw the appropriate conclusions regarding their suitability for each specific industrial application. This review addresses, for the first time, the above aspects, which will undoubtedly help with the correct industrial implementation of these processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:02:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5937fa03a854b8ebe2617e5a4044fac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:02:42Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5937fa03a854b8ebe2617e5a4044fac2024-01-10T15:03:14ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-01-0117126810.3390/ma17010268Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic SynthesisSalvadora Ortega-Requena0Claudia Montiel1Fuensanta Máximo2María Gómez3María Dolores Murcia4Josefa Bastida5Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainEsters are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications in various industries due to their unique properties and pleasant aromas. Conventionally, the manufacture of these compounds has relied on the chemical route. Nevertheless, this technique employs high temperatures and inorganic catalysts, resulting in undesired additional steps to purify the final product by removing solvent residues, which decreases environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. In accordance with the principles of “Green Chemistry” and the search for more environmentally friendly methods, a new alternative, the enzymatic route, has been introduced. This technique uses low temperatures and does not require the use of solvents, resulting in more environmentally friendly final products. Despite the large number of studies published on the biocatalytic synthesis of esters, little attention has been paid to the reactors used for it. Therefore, it is convenient to gather the scattered information regarding the type of reactor employed in these synthesis reactions, considering the industrial field in which the process is carried out. A comparison between the performance of the different reactor configurations will allow us to draw the appropriate conclusions regarding their suitability for each specific industrial application. This review addresses, for the first time, the above aspects, which will undoubtedly help with the correct industrial implementation of these processes.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/1/268estersfood industrycosmetic industrybiocatalysisimmobilized lipasebatch reactor |
| spellingShingle | Salvadora Ortega-Requena Claudia Montiel Fuensanta Máximo María Gómez María Dolores Murcia Josefa Bastida Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis Materials esters food industry cosmetic industry biocatalysis immobilized lipase batch reactor |
| title | Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis |
| title_full | Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis |
| title_fullStr | Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis |
| title_short | Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis |
| title_sort | esters in the food and cosmetic industries an overview of the reactors used in their biocatalytic synthesis |
| topic | esters food industry cosmetic industry biocatalysis immobilized lipase batch reactor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/1/268 |
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