Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation
Xanthatin (XT) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the Chinese herb Xanthium, which belongs to the Asteraceae family. In this study, we developed an inflammation model via stimulating macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cells) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was applied to assess the anti-infl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4603 |
| _version_ | 1827627628963561472 |
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| author | Yuanqi Liu Wenyu Chen Fang Zheng Huanan Yu Kun Wei |
| author_facet | Yuanqi Liu Wenyu Chen Fang Zheng Huanan Yu Kun Wei |
| author_sort | Yuanqi Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Xanthatin (XT) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the Chinese herb Xanthium, which belongs to the Asteraceae family. In this study, we developed an inflammation model via stimulating macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cells) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was applied to assess the anti-inflammatory effect and probable mechanisms of xanthatin. When compared with the only LPS-induced group, cells that were pretreated with xanthatin were found to decrease the amount of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and downregulate the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Interestingly, phosphorylated levels of related proteins (STAT3, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, IκBα, p65) were notably increased only with the LPS-activated cells, while the expression of these could be reverted by pre-treatment with xanthatin in a dose-dependent way. Meanwhile, xanthatin was also found to block NF-κB p65 from translocating into the nucleus and activating inflammatory gene transcription. Collectively, these results demonstrated that xanthatin suppresses the inflammatory effects through downregulating the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) signaling pathways. Taken together, xanthatin possesses the potential to act as a good anti-inflammatory medication candidate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:17:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5a7ae17b0004aeeb399081209f3b663 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:17:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5a7ae17b0004aeeb399081209f3b6632023-11-30T21:34:32ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-07-012714460310.3390/molecules27144603Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs ActivationYuanqi Liu0Wenyu Chen1Fang Zheng2Huanan Yu3Kun Wei4School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaXanthatin (XT) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the Chinese herb Xanthium, which belongs to the Asteraceae family. In this study, we developed an inflammation model via stimulating macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cells) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was applied to assess the anti-inflammatory effect and probable mechanisms of xanthatin. When compared with the only LPS-induced group, cells that were pretreated with xanthatin were found to decrease the amount of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and downregulate the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Interestingly, phosphorylated levels of related proteins (STAT3, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, IκBα, p65) were notably increased only with the LPS-activated cells, while the expression of these could be reverted by pre-treatment with xanthatin in a dose-dependent way. Meanwhile, xanthatin was also found to block NF-κB p65 from translocating into the nucleus and activating inflammatory gene transcription. Collectively, these results demonstrated that xanthatin suppresses the inflammatory effects through downregulating the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) signaling pathways. Taken together, xanthatin possesses the potential to act as a good anti-inflammatory medication candidate.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4603xanthatinRAW 264.7anti-inflammatoryROSNF-κBMAPK |
| spellingShingle | Yuanqi Liu Wenyu Chen Fang Zheng Huanan Yu Kun Wei Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation Molecules xanthatin RAW 264.7 anti-inflammatory ROS NF-κB MAPK |
| title | Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation |
| title_full | Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation |
| title_fullStr | Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation |
| title_short | Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation |
| title_sort | xanthatin alleviates lps induced inflammatory response in raw264 7 macrophages by inhibiting nf κb mapk and stats activation |
| topic | xanthatin RAW 264.7 anti-inflammatory ROS NF-κB MAPK |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4603 |
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