The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties
In this study, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesized using <i>Leptadenia pyrotechnica</i> leaf extract for the first time. Monometallic NPs were also obtained for comparison. The characterization of the prepared NPs was carried out using vari...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/14/2079 |
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| author | Muhammad Asjad Afzal Muhammad Javed Sadia Aroob Tariq Javed Maryam M. Alnoman Walla Alelwani Ismat Bibi Muhammad Sharif Muhammad Saleem Muhammad Rizwan Ahmad Raheel Ihsan Maseeh Sónia A. C. Carabineiro Muhammad Babar Taj |
| author_facet | Muhammad Asjad Afzal Muhammad Javed Sadia Aroob Tariq Javed Maryam M. Alnoman Walla Alelwani Ismat Bibi Muhammad Sharif Muhammad Saleem Muhammad Rizwan Ahmad Raheel Ihsan Maseeh Sónia A. C. Carabineiro Muhammad Babar Taj |
| author_sort | Muhammad Asjad Afzal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesized using <i>Leptadenia pyrotechnica</i> leaf extract for the first time. Monometallic NPs were also obtained for comparison. The characterization of the prepared NPs was carried out using various techniques, including UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The latter confirmed the crystalline nature and diameter of the monometallic and bimetallic NPs of Ag and ZnO. The SEM images of the prepared NPs revealed their different shapes. The biological activities of the NPs were evaluated concerning their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. The antibacterial activities were measured using the time-killing method. The results demonstrated that both the monometallic and bimetallic NPs inhibited the growth of Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) and Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) bacteria. The antioxidant activities of the NPs were evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and their cytotoxicity was checked using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results indicated that the controlled quantity of the monometallic and bimetallic NPs did not affect the viability of the cells. However, the decreased cell (L-929) viability suggested that the NPs could have anticancer properties. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet and 4-nitrophenol was investigated using the prepared Ag/ZnO NPs, examining the factors affecting the degradation process and conducting a kinetic and thermodynamic study. The prepared Ag/ZnO NPs demonstrated good photocatalytic degradation (88.9%) of the methyl violet (rate constant of 0.0183 min<sup>−1</sup>) in comparison to 4-nitrophenol (NPh), with a degradation rate of 81.37% and 0.0172 min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Overall, the bimetallic NPs showed superior antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic properties compared to the monometallic NPs of Ag and ZnO. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:46:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5d32184e684484f84060b006cedfb59 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:46:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5d32184e684484f84060b006cedfb592023-11-18T20:45:41ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-07-011314207910.3390/nano13142079The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity PropertiesMuhammad Asjad Afzal0Muhammad Javed1Sadia Aroob2Tariq Javed3Maryam M. Alnoman4Walla Alelwani5Ismat Bibi6Muhammad Sharif7Muhammad Saleem8Muhammad Rizwan9Ahmad Raheel10Ihsan Maseeh11Sónia A. C. Carabineiro12Muhammad Babar Taj13Institute of Chemistry, Green Synthesis Laboratory, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, PakistanInstitute of Chemistry, Green Synthesis Laboratory, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, PakistanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu P.O. Box 344, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Chemistry, Green Synthesis Laboratory, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanInstitute of Chemistry, Green Synthesis Laboratory, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanInstitute of Chemistry, Green Synthesis Laboratory, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanInstitute of Chemistry, Green Synthesis Laboratory, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanLAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalInstitute of Chemistry, Green Synthesis Laboratory, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanIn this study, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesized using <i>Leptadenia pyrotechnica</i> leaf extract for the first time. Monometallic NPs were also obtained for comparison. The characterization of the prepared NPs was carried out using various techniques, including UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The latter confirmed the crystalline nature and diameter of the monometallic and bimetallic NPs of Ag and ZnO. The SEM images of the prepared NPs revealed their different shapes. The biological activities of the NPs were evaluated concerning their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. The antibacterial activities were measured using the time-killing method. The results demonstrated that both the monometallic and bimetallic NPs inhibited the growth of Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) and Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) bacteria. The antioxidant activities of the NPs were evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and their cytotoxicity was checked using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results indicated that the controlled quantity of the monometallic and bimetallic NPs did not affect the viability of the cells. However, the decreased cell (L-929) viability suggested that the NPs could have anticancer properties. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet and 4-nitrophenol was investigated using the prepared Ag/ZnO NPs, examining the factors affecting the degradation process and conducting a kinetic and thermodynamic study. The prepared Ag/ZnO NPs demonstrated good photocatalytic degradation (88.9%) of the methyl violet (rate constant of 0.0183 min<sup>−1</sup>) in comparison to 4-nitrophenol (NPh), with a degradation rate of 81.37% and 0.0172 min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Overall, the bimetallic NPs showed superior antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic properties compared to the monometallic NPs of Ag and ZnO.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/14/2079silverzinc oxideantibacterialantioxidantphotocatalytic degradationmethyl violet |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Asjad Afzal Muhammad Javed Sadia Aroob Tariq Javed Maryam M. Alnoman Walla Alelwani Ismat Bibi Muhammad Sharif Muhammad Saleem Muhammad Rizwan Ahmad Raheel Ihsan Maseeh Sónia A. C. Carabineiro Muhammad Babar Taj The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties Nanomaterials silver zinc oxide antibacterial antioxidant photocatalytic degradation methyl violet |
| title | The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties |
| title_full | The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties |
| title_fullStr | The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties |
| title_short | The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties |
| title_sort | biogenic synthesis of bimetallic ag zno nanoparticles a multifunctional approach for methyl violet photocatalytic degradation and the assessment of antibacterial antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties |
| topic | silver zinc oxide antibacterial antioxidant photocatalytic degradation methyl violet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/14/2079 |
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