Gravitational Light Bending in Weyl Gravity and Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime
The topic of gravitational lensing in the Mannheim–Kazanas solution of Weyl conformal gravity and the Schwarzschild–de Sitter solution in general relativity has featured in numerous publications. These two solutions represent a spherical massive object (lens) embedded in a cosmological background. I...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/1/101 |
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| author | Joseph Sultana |
| author_facet | Joseph Sultana |
| author_sort | Joseph Sultana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The topic of gravitational lensing in the Mannheim–Kazanas solution of Weyl conformal gravity and the Schwarzschild–de Sitter solution in general relativity has featured in numerous publications. These two solutions represent a spherical massive object (lens) embedded in a cosmological background. In both cases, the interest lies in the possible effect of the background non-asymptotically flat spacetime on the geometry of the local light curves, particularly the observed deflection angle of light near the massive object. The main discussion involves possible contributions to the bending angle formula from the cosmological constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the Schwarzschild–de Sitter solution and the linear term <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the Mannheim–Kazanas metric. These effects from the background geometry, and whether they are significant enough to be important for gravitational lensing, seem to depend on the methodology used to calculate the bending angle. In this paper, we review these techniques and comment on some of the obtained results, particularly those cases that contain unphysical terms in the bending angle formula. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:34:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5d7e9c8d2904a88a95ab069cb6b274a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:34:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5d7e9c8d2904a88a95ab069cb6b274a2024-01-26T18:38:54ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942024-01-0116110110.3390/sym16010101Gravitational Light Bending in Weyl Gravity and Schwarzschild–de Sitter SpacetimeJoseph Sultana0Department of Mathematics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, MaltaThe topic of gravitational lensing in the Mannheim–Kazanas solution of Weyl conformal gravity and the Schwarzschild–de Sitter solution in general relativity has featured in numerous publications. These two solutions represent a spherical massive object (lens) embedded in a cosmological background. In both cases, the interest lies in the possible effect of the background non-asymptotically flat spacetime on the geometry of the local light curves, particularly the observed deflection angle of light near the massive object. The main discussion involves possible contributions to the bending angle formula from the cosmological constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the Schwarzschild–de Sitter solution and the linear term <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the Mannheim–Kazanas metric. These effects from the background geometry, and whether they are significant enough to be important for gravitational lensing, seem to depend on the methodology used to calculate the bending angle. In this paper, we review these techniques and comment on some of the obtained results, particularly those cases that contain unphysical terms in the bending angle formula.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/1/101Weyl gravitygeodesicslight bending |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Sultana Gravitational Light Bending in Weyl Gravity and Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime Symmetry Weyl gravity geodesics light bending |
| title | Gravitational Light Bending in Weyl Gravity and Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime |
| title_full | Gravitational Light Bending in Weyl Gravity and Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime |
| title_fullStr | Gravitational Light Bending in Weyl Gravity and Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gravitational Light Bending in Weyl Gravity and Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime |
| title_short | Gravitational Light Bending in Weyl Gravity and Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime |
| title_sort | gravitational light bending in weyl gravity and schwarzschild de sitter spacetime |
| topic | Weyl gravity geodesics light bending |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/1/101 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josephsultana gravitationallightbendinginweylgravityandschwarzschilddesitterspacetime |