Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering
We introduce a new benchtop microgravity simulator (MGS) that is scalable and easy to use. Its working principle is similar to that of random positioning machines (RPM), commonly used in research laboratories and regarded as one of the gold standards for simulating microgravity. The improvement of t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/8908 |
| _version_ | 1797546918231932928 |
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| author | Alessandra Cazzaniga Fabian Ille Simon Wuest Carsten Haack Adrian Koller Christina Giger-Lange Monica Zocchi Marcel Egli Sara Castiglioni Jeanette A. Maier |
| author_facet | Alessandra Cazzaniga Fabian Ille Simon Wuest Carsten Haack Adrian Koller Christina Giger-Lange Monica Zocchi Marcel Egli Sara Castiglioni Jeanette A. Maier |
| author_sort | Alessandra Cazzaniga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We introduce a new benchtop microgravity simulator (MGS) that is scalable and easy to use. Its working principle is similar to that of random positioning machines (RPM), commonly used in research laboratories and regarded as one of the gold standards for simulating microgravity. The improvement of the MGS concerns mainly the algorithms controlling the movements of the samples and the design that, for the first time, guarantees equal treatment of all the culture flasks undergoing simulated microgravity. Qualification and validation tests of the new device were conducted with human bone marrow stem cells (bMSC) and mouse skeletal muscle myoblasts (C2C12). bMSC were cultured for 4 days on the MGS and the RPM in parallel. In the presence of osteogenic medium, an overexpression of osteogenic markers was detected in the samples from both devices. Similarly, C2C12 cells were maintained for 4 days on the MGS and the rotating wall vessel (RWV) device, another widely used microgravity simulator. Significant downregulation of myogenesis markers was observed in gravitationally unloaded cells. Therefore, similar results can be obtained regardless of the used simulated microgravity devices, namely MGS, RPM, or RWV. The newly developed MGS device thus offers easy and reliable long-term cell culture possibilities under simulated microgravity conditions. Currently, upgrades are in progress to allow real-time monitoring of the culture media and liquids exchange while running. This is of particular interest for long-term cultivation, needed for tissue engineering applications. Tissue grown under real or simulated microgravity has specific features, such as growth in three-dimensions (3D). Growth in weightlessness conditions fosters mechanical, structural, and chemical interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix in any direction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:37:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5d829eca1294ed79417d317c04a0506 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:37:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5d829eca1294ed79417d317c04a05062023-11-20T22:08:41ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012123890810.3390/ijms21238908Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue EngineeringAlessandra Cazzaniga0Fabian Ille1Simon Wuest2Carsten Haack3Adrian Koller4Christina Giger-Lange5Monica Zocchi6Marcel Egli7Sara Castiglioni8Jeanette A. Maier9Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, ItalySpace Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, SwitzerlandSpace Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, SwitzerlandInstitute of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Technology, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, SwitzerlandInstitute of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Technology, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, SwitzerlandSpace Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, SwitzerlandDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, ItalySpace Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, SwitzerlandDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, ItalyWe introduce a new benchtop microgravity simulator (MGS) that is scalable and easy to use. Its working principle is similar to that of random positioning machines (RPM), commonly used in research laboratories and regarded as one of the gold standards for simulating microgravity. The improvement of the MGS concerns mainly the algorithms controlling the movements of the samples and the design that, for the first time, guarantees equal treatment of all the culture flasks undergoing simulated microgravity. Qualification and validation tests of the new device were conducted with human bone marrow stem cells (bMSC) and mouse skeletal muscle myoblasts (C2C12). bMSC were cultured for 4 days on the MGS and the RPM in parallel. In the presence of osteogenic medium, an overexpression of osteogenic markers was detected in the samples from both devices. Similarly, C2C12 cells were maintained for 4 days on the MGS and the rotating wall vessel (RWV) device, another widely used microgravity simulator. Significant downregulation of myogenesis markers was observed in gravitationally unloaded cells. Therefore, similar results can be obtained regardless of the used simulated microgravity devices, namely MGS, RPM, or RWV. The newly developed MGS device thus offers easy and reliable long-term cell culture possibilities under simulated microgravity conditions. Currently, upgrades are in progress to allow real-time monitoring of the culture media and liquids exchange while running. This is of particular interest for long-term cultivation, needed for tissue engineering applications. Tissue grown under real or simulated microgravity has specific features, such as growth in three-dimensions (3D). Growth in weightlessness conditions fosters mechanical, structural, and chemical interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix in any direction.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/8908simulated microgravitybone marrow stem cellsmyoblasts |
| spellingShingle | Alessandra Cazzaniga Fabian Ille Simon Wuest Carsten Haack Adrian Koller Christina Giger-Lange Monica Zocchi Marcel Egli Sara Castiglioni Jeanette A. Maier Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering International Journal of Molecular Sciences simulated microgravity bone marrow stem cells myoblasts |
| title | Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering |
| title_full | Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering |
| title_fullStr | Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering |
| title_short | Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering |
| title_sort | scalable microgravity simulator used for long term musculoskeletal cells and tissue engineering |
| topic | simulated microgravity bone marrow stem cells myoblasts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/8908 |
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