Swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exercise
Introduction: Behaviors of swimming rodents are not uniform, exhibiting large variations, which may underlie the individual differences in swimming exercise-induced benefits. The study aimed to monitor individualized swimming behavior and evaluate its biological significance.Methods: A swimming tank...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1357120/full |
| _version_ | 1797295231443402752 |
|---|---|
| author | Sen Yu Lantao Liu Min Li Siyan He Yang Hu Shichao Sun Yizhen Yan Fangfang Zhao Xiangrong Cheng Jia Li Feng Gao Yong Liu Xing Zhang Xing Zhang |
| author_facet | Sen Yu Lantao Liu Min Li Siyan He Yang Hu Shichao Sun Yizhen Yan Fangfang Zhao Xiangrong Cheng Jia Li Feng Gao Yong Liu Xing Zhang Xing Zhang |
| author_sort | Sen Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Behaviors of swimming rodents are not uniform, exhibiting large variations, which may underlie the individual differences in swimming exercise-induced benefits. The study aimed to monitor individualized swimming behavior and evaluate its biological significance.Methods: A swimming tank which can monitor individualized rodent swimming behavior during exercise was established. A total of 45 mice were subjected to swimming training for 1 month (1 h per day) and the swimming behaviors of each mouse were recorded.Results: The swimming behaviors of mice displayed considerable variations in aspects of distance, velocity, and area preference. For example, nearly one-third of mice preferred to swim in central area and most of the mice exhibited an even area distribution. Long-term exercise training improved cardiac systolic function and decreased blood pressure in mice, but hardly changed swimming behaviors. Analyses of the relationship between swimming behavior and cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training revealed that swimming behavior indicated the biological effects of swimming training. Specifically, mice which preferred swimming at the central zone or were trainable in behavior during 1-month training exhibited better outcomes in cardiac function and blood pressure post long-term exercise. Mechanistically, a centralized swimming behavior indicated a smaller stress during exercise, as evidenced by a milder activation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.Discussion: These results suggest that swimming behavior during training indicates individualized adaptations to long-term exercise, and highlight a biological significance of swimming behavior monitoring in animal studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T21:43:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5d8469aeb7141a6900f67d8b2a21192 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T21:43:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5d8469aeb7141a6900f67d8b2a211922024-02-26T04:29:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2024-02-011510.3389/fphys.2024.13571201357120Swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exerciseSen Yu0Lantao Liu1Min Li2Siyan He3Yang Hu4Shichao Sun5Yizhen Yan6Fangfang Zhao7Xiangrong Cheng8Jia Li9Feng Gao10Yong Liu11Xing Zhang12Xing Zhang13Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaChengdu Techman Software Co., Ltd., Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaChengdu Techman Software Co., Ltd., Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, ChinaIntroduction: Behaviors of swimming rodents are not uniform, exhibiting large variations, which may underlie the individual differences in swimming exercise-induced benefits. The study aimed to monitor individualized swimming behavior and evaluate its biological significance.Methods: A swimming tank which can monitor individualized rodent swimming behavior during exercise was established. A total of 45 mice were subjected to swimming training for 1 month (1 h per day) and the swimming behaviors of each mouse were recorded.Results: The swimming behaviors of mice displayed considerable variations in aspects of distance, velocity, and area preference. For example, nearly one-third of mice preferred to swim in central area and most of the mice exhibited an even area distribution. Long-term exercise training improved cardiac systolic function and decreased blood pressure in mice, but hardly changed swimming behaviors. Analyses of the relationship between swimming behavior and cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training revealed that swimming behavior indicated the biological effects of swimming training. Specifically, mice which preferred swimming at the central zone or were trainable in behavior during 1-month training exhibited better outcomes in cardiac function and blood pressure post long-term exercise. Mechanistically, a centralized swimming behavior indicated a smaller stress during exercise, as evidenced by a milder activation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.Discussion: These results suggest that swimming behavior during training indicates individualized adaptations to long-term exercise, and highlight a biological significance of swimming behavior monitoring in animal studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1357120/fullswimming behaviorcardiac adaptationexercisetrajectory trackingstress |
| spellingShingle | Sen Yu Lantao Liu Min Li Siyan He Yang Hu Shichao Sun Yizhen Yan Fangfang Zhao Xiangrong Cheng Jia Li Feng Gao Yong Liu Xing Zhang Xing Zhang Swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exercise Frontiers in Physiology swimming behavior cardiac adaptation exercise trajectory tracking stress |
| title | Swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exercise |
| title_full | Swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exercise |
| title_fullStr | Swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exercise |
| title_full_unstemmed | Swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exercise |
| title_short | Swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exercise |
| title_sort | swimming behavior indicates stress and adaptations to exercise |
| topic | swimming behavior cardiac adaptation exercise trajectory tracking stress |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1357120/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT senyu swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT lantaoliu swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT minli swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT siyanhe swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT yanghu swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT shichaosun swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT yizhenyan swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT fangfangzhao swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT xiangrongcheng swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT jiali swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT fenggao swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT yongliu swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT xingzhang swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise AT xingzhang swimmingbehaviorindicatesstressandadaptationstoexercise |