Investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in Saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero bill
Energy is essential to achieve thermal comfort; however, energy consumption leads to environmental degradation. This study analyzed the energy consumption of two masjids in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and identified opportunities for rationalizing energy consumption. A photovoltaic (PV) system...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016823000455 |
| _version_ | 1797860238743830528 |
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| author | Radwan A. Almasri Mohamed A. Al-Anazi A.F. Almarshoud Mohammed S. Alshitawi Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh |
| author_facet | Radwan A. Almasri Mohamed A. Al-Anazi A.F. Almarshoud Mohammed S. Alshitawi Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh |
| author_sort | Radwan A. Almasri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Energy is essential to achieve thermal comfort; however, energy consumption leads to environmental degradation. This study analyzed the energy consumption of two masjids in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and identified opportunities for rationalizing energy consumption. A photovoltaic (PV) system was used to ensure that the conditions of nearly zero bill building (nZBB) or nearly zero energy building (nZEB) were fulfilled. The energy use intensities of the Al-Jamil and Al-Omar masjids were 111 kWh/m2 and 121 kWh/m2, respectively. The average electricity consumption per worshiper for the Al-Omar masjid was 1.35 kWh/prayer and that for the Al-Jamil masjid was 1.03 kWh/prayer. The end-use energy was the highest for cooling, accounting for 72–74 % of the total consumption; lighting accounted for 11–12 % of the total consumption at the two masjids. Approximately 60 % of the air-conditioning (AC) energy load was saved by improving the envelope; the electricity requirement for ACs increased by up to 30 % as the ambient temperature increased from 32 °C to 46 °C. Changing the set-point temperature from 20 °C to 27 °C afforded electrical energy savings of approximately 27 % for a summer day. The environmental benefits of using solar energy were also identified. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:42:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5d9d0dd64f9460bb285705117f372ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1110-0168 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:42:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5d9d0dd64f9460bb285705117f372ca2023-03-26T05:15:49ZengElsevierAlexandria Engineering Journal1110-01682023-04-0168263280Investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in Saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero billRadwan A. Almasri0Mohamed A. Al-Anazi1A.F. Almarshoud2Mohammed S. Alshitawi3Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh4Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buriadah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Renewable Energy Engineering Program, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buriadah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buriadah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buriadah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaEnergy is essential to achieve thermal comfort; however, energy consumption leads to environmental degradation. This study analyzed the energy consumption of two masjids in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and identified opportunities for rationalizing energy consumption. A photovoltaic (PV) system was used to ensure that the conditions of nearly zero bill building (nZBB) or nearly zero energy building (nZEB) were fulfilled. The energy use intensities of the Al-Jamil and Al-Omar masjids were 111 kWh/m2 and 121 kWh/m2, respectively. The average electricity consumption per worshiper for the Al-Omar masjid was 1.35 kWh/prayer and that for the Al-Jamil masjid was 1.03 kWh/prayer. The end-use energy was the highest for cooling, accounting for 72–74 % of the total consumption; lighting accounted for 11–12 % of the total consumption at the two masjids. Approximately 60 % of the air-conditioning (AC) energy load was saved by improving the envelope; the electricity requirement for ACs increased by up to 30 % as the ambient temperature increased from 32 °C to 46 °C. Changing the set-point temperature from 20 °C to 27 °C afforded electrical energy savings of approximately 27 % for a summer day. The environmental benefits of using solar energy were also identified.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016823000455Energy consumptionEnergy efficiencyPhotovoltaicsMosquesKingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| spellingShingle | Radwan A. Almasri Mohamed A. Al-Anazi A.F. Almarshoud Mohammed S. Alshitawi Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh Investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in Saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero bill Alexandria Engineering Journal Energy consumption Energy efficiency Photovoltaics Mosques Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title | Investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in Saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero bill |
| title_full | Investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in Saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero bill |
| title_fullStr | Investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in Saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero bill |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in Saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero bill |
| title_short | Investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in Saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero bill |
| title_sort | investigating energy efficiency and solar energy in saudi mosques to achieve zero energy or zero bill |
| topic | Energy consumption Energy efficiency Photovoltaics Mosques Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016823000455 |
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