Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets
One of the adaptations of nematodes, which allows long-term survival in the host, is the production of proteins with immunomodulatory properties. The parasites secrete numerous homologs of human immune mediators, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is a substantial regulator...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/258 |
| _version_ | 1797477338997325824 |
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| author | Justyna Karabowicz Ewa Długosz Piotr Bąska Marcin Wiśniewski |
| author_facet | Justyna Karabowicz Ewa Długosz Piotr Bąska Marcin Wiśniewski |
| author_sort | Justyna Karabowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the adaptations of nematodes, which allows long-term survival in the host, is the production of proteins with immunomodulatory properties. The parasites secrete numerous homologs of human immune mediators, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is a substantial regulator of the inflammatory immune response. Homologs of mammalian MIF have been recognized in many species of nematode parasites, but their role has not been fully understood. The application of molecular biology and genetic engineering methods, including the production of recombinant proteins, has enabled better characterization of their structure and properties. This review provides insight into the current state of knowledge on MIF homologs produced by nematodes, as well as their structure, enzymatic activity, tissue expression pattern, impact on the host immune system, and potential use in the treatment of parasitic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:16:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5dd427231d149ddbe265f8ded268f00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:16:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5dd427231d149ddbe265f8ded268f002023-11-23T21:32:50ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-02-0111225810.3390/pathogens11020258Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic TargetsJustyna Karabowicz0Ewa Długosz1Piotr Bąska2Marcin Wiśniewski3Division of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandOne of the adaptations of nematodes, which allows long-term survival in the host, is the production of proteins with immunomodulatory properties. The parasites secrete numerous homologs of human immune mediators, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is a substantial regulator of the inflammatory immune response. Homologs of mammalian MIF have been recognized in many species of nematode parasites, but their role has not been fully understood. The application of molecular biology and genetic engineering methods, including the production of recombinant proteins, has enabled better characterization of their structure and properties. This review provides insight into the current state of knowledge on MIF homologs produced by nematodes, as well as their structure, enzymatic activity, tissue expression pattern, impact on the host immune system, and potential use in the treatment of parasitic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/258macrophage migration inhibitory factorNematodaimmunomodulationorthologous proteins |
| spellingShingle | Justyna Karabowicz Ewa Długosz Piotr Bąska Marcin Wiśniewski Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets Pathogens macrophage migration inhibitory factor Nematoda immunomodulation orthologous proteins |
| title | Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full | Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_fullStr | Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_short | Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_sort | nematode orthologs of macrophage migration inhibitory factor mif as modulators of the host immune response and potential therapeutic targets |
| topic | macrophage migration inhibitory factor Nematoda immunomodulation orthologous proteins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/258 |
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