Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill var. <i>trigentipetala</i>) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2)
Taif rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill) is one of the most important economic products of the Taif Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Cadmium chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>) is a common environmental pollutant that is widely used in industries and essentially induces many toxicities, incl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/4/460 |
| _version_ | 1797436219498430464 |
|---|---|
| author | Reham Z. Hamza Hatim M. Al-Yasi Esmat F. Ali Mustafa A. Fawzy Tharwat G. Abdelkader Tarek M. Galal |
| author_facet | Reham Z. Hamza Hatim M. Al-Yasi Esmat F. Ali Mustafa A. Fawzy Tharwat G. Abdelkader Tarek M. Galal |
| author_sort | Reham Z. Hamza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Taif rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill) is one of the most important economic products of the Taif Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Cadmium chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>) is a common environmental pollutant that is widely used in industries and essentially induces many toxicities, including hepatotoxicity. In this study, the major compounds in the waste of Taif rose extract (WTR) were identified and chemically and biologically evaluated. GC–MS analysis of WTR indicated the presence of many saturated fatty acids, vitamin E, triterpene, dicarboxylic acid, terpene, linoleic acid, diterpenoid, monoterpenoid, flavonoids, phenylpyrazoles, and calcifediol (vitamin D derivative). The assessment of potential anticancer activity against HepG2 cells proved that WTR had a high cell killing effect with IC50 of 100–150 µg/mL. In addition, WTR successfully induced high cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, S, and G2 phases, significant apoptosis, necrosis, and increased autophagic cell death response in the HepG2 line. For the evaluation of its anti-CdCl<sub>2</sub> toxicity, 32 male rats were allocated to four groups: control, CdCl<sub>2</sub>, WTR, and CdCl<sub>2</sub> plus WTR. Hepatic functions and antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GRx, GPx, and MDA) were examined. Histological changes and TEM variations in the liver were also investigated to indicate liver status. The results proved that WTR alleviated CdCl<sub>2</sub> hepatotoxicity by improving all hepatic vitality markers. In conclusion, WTR could be used as a preventive and therapeutic natural agent for the inhibition of hepatic diseases and the improvement of redox status. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:59:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5e6baeb6a194d73b7bb6c1eaee48e17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:59:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5e6baeb6a194d73b7bb6c1eaee48e172023-12-01T01:23:37ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522022-03-0112446010.3390/cryst12040460Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill var. <i>trigentipetala</i>) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2)Reham Z. Hamza0Hatim M. Al-Yasi1Esmat F. Ali2Mustafa A. Fawzy3Tharwat G. Abdelkader4Tarek M. Galal5Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaTaif rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill) is one of the most important economic products of the Taif Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Cadmium chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>) is a common environmental pollutant that is widely used in industries and essentially induces many toxicities, including hepatotoxicity. In this study, the major compounds in the waste of Taif rose extract (WTR) were identified and chemically and biologically evaluated. GC–MS analysis of WTR indicated the presence of many saturated fatty acids, vitamin E, triterpene, dicarboxylic acid, terpene, linoleic acid, diterpenoid, monoterpenoid, flavonoids, phenylpyrazoles, and calcifediol (vitamin D derivative). The assessment of potential anticancer activity against HepG2 cells proved that WTR had a high cell killing effect with IC50 of 100–150 µg/mL. In addition, WTR successfully induced high cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, S, and G2 phases, significant apoptosis, necrosis, and increased autophagic cell death response in the HepG2 line. For the evaluation of its anti-CdCl<sub>2</sub> toxicity, 32 male rats were allocated to four groups: control, CdCl<sub>2</sub>, WTR, and CdCl<sub>2</sub> plus WTR. Hepatic functions and antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GRx, GPx, and MDA) were examined. Histological changes and TEM variations in the liver were also investigated to indicate liver status. The results proved that WTR alleviated CdCl<sub>2</sub> hepatotoxicity by improving all hepatic vitality markers. In conclusion, WTR could be used as a preventive and therapeutic natural agent for the inhibition of hepatic diseases and the improvement of redox status. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/4/460waste of Taif rosecadmium chloridecancer cellsapoptosisautophagycell cycle |
| spellingShingle | Reham Z. Hamza Hatim M. Al-Yasi Esmat F. Ali Mustafa A. Fawzy Tharwat G. Abdelkader Tarek M. Galal Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill var. <i>trigentipetala</i>) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2) Crystals waste of Taif rose cadmium chloride cancer cells apoptosis autophagy cell cycle |
| title | Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill var. <i>trigentipetala</i>) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2) |
| title_full | Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill var. <i>trigentipetala</i>) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2) |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill var. <i>trigentipetala</i>) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill var. <i>trigentipetala</i>) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2) |
| title_short | Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill var. <i>trigentipetala</i>) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2) |
| title_sort | chemical characterization of taif rose i rosa damascena i mill var i trigentipetala i waste methanolic extract and its hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects against cadmium chloride cdcl sub 2 sub induced hepatotoxicity and potential anticancer activities against liver cancer cells hepg2 |
| topic | waste of Taif rose cadmium chloride cancer cells apoptosis autophagy cell cycle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/4/460 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rehamzhamza chemicalcharacterizationoftaifroseirosadamascenaimillvaritrigentipetalaiwastemethanolicextractanditshepatoprotectiveandantioxidanteffectsagainstcadmiumchloridecdclsub2subinducedhepatotoxicityandpotentialanticanceractivitiesagainstlivercancercellshepg2 AT hatimmalyasi chemicalcharacterizationoftaifroseirosadamascenaimillvaritrigentipetalaiwastemethanolicextractanditshepatoprotectiveandantioxidanteffectsagainstcadmiumchloridecdclsub2subinducedhepatotoxicityandpotentialanticanceractivitiesagainstlivercancercellshepg2 AT esmatfali chemicalcharacterizationoftaifroseirosadamascenaimillvaritrigentipetalaiwastemethanolicextractanditshepatoprotectiveandantioxidanteffectsagainstcadmiumchloridecdclsub2subinducedhepatotoxicityandpotentialanticanceractivitiesagainstlivercancercellshepg2 AT mustafaafawzy chemicalcharacterizationoftaifroseirosadamascenaimillvaritrigentipetalaiwastemethanolicextractanditshepatoprotectiveandantioxidanteffectsagainstcadmiumchloridecdclsub2subinducedhepatotoxicityandpotentialanticanceractivitiesagainstlivercancercellshepg2 AT tharwatgabdelkader chemicalcharacterizationoftaifroseirosadamascenaimillvaritrigentipetalaiwastemethanolicextractanditshepatoprotectiveandantioxidanteffectsagainstcadmiumchloridecdclsub2subinducedhepatotoxicityandpotentialanticanceractivitiesagainstlivercancercellshepg2 AT tarekmgalal chemicalcharacterizationoftaifroseirosadamascenaimillvaritrigentipetalaiwastemethanolicextractanditshepatoprotectiveandantioxidanteffectsagainstcadmiumchloridecdclsub2subinducedhepatotoxicityandpotentialanticanceractivitiesagainstlivercancercellshepg2 |