Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: From Synthesis to Surface Functionalisation
Nanotechnology has gained much attention for its potential application in medical science. Iron oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated a promising effect in various biomedical applications. In particular, magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles are widely applied...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | Magnetochemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/6/4/68 |
| _version_ | 1827700924609462272 |
|---|---|
| author | Lokesh Srinath Ganapathe Mohd Ambri Mohamed Rozan Mohamad Yunus Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin |
| author_facet | Lokesh Srinath Ganapathe Mohd Ambri Mohamed Rozan Mohamad Yunus Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin |
| author_sort | Lokesh Srinath Ganapathe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanotechnology has gained much attention for its potential application in medical science. Iron oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated a promising effect in various biomedical applications. In particular, magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles are widely applied due to their biocompatibility, high magnetic susceptibility, chemical stability, innocuousness, high saturation magnetisation, and inexpensiveness. Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) exhibits superparamagnetism as its size shrinks in the single-domain region to around 20 nm, which is an essential property for use in biomedical applications. In this review, the application of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the biomedical field based on different synthesis approaches and various surface functionalisation materials was discussed. Firstly, a brief introduction on the MNP properties, such as physical, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties, is provided. Considering that the surface chemistry of MNPs plays an important role in the practical implementation of in vitro and in vivo applications, this review then focuses on several predominant synthesis methods and variations in the synthesis parameters of MNPs. The encapsulation of MNPs with organic and inorganic materials is also discussed. Finally, the most common in vivo and in vitro applications in the biomedical world are elucidated. This review aims to deliver concise information to new researchers in this field, guide them in selecting appropriate synthesis techniques for MNPs, and to enhance the surface chemistry of MNPs for their interests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:22:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5f6fe63b2fb471aa626309b99e7b0cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2312-7481 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:22:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Magnetochemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5f6fe63b2fb471aa626309b99e7b0cc2023-11-20T23:18:01ZengMDPI AGMagnetochemistry2312-74812020-12-01646810.3390/magnetochemistry6040068Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: From Synthesis to Surface FunctionalisationLokesh Srinath Ganapathe0Mohd Ambri Mohamed1Rozan Mohamad Yunus2Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin3Institut Kejuruteraan Mikro dan Nanoelektronik (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaInstitut Kejuruteraan Mikro dan Nanoelektronik (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaFuel Cell Institute, Level 4, Research Complex, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitut Kejuruteraan Mikro dan Nanoelektronik (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaNanotechnology has gained much attention for its potential application in medical science. Iron oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated a promising effect in various biomedical applications. In particular, magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles are widely applied due to their biocompatibility, high magnetic susceptibility, chemical stability, innocuousness, high saturation magnetisation, and inexpensiveness. Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) exhibits superparamagnetism as its size shrinks in the single-domain region to around 20 nm, which is an essential property for use in biomedical applications. In this review, the application of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the biomedical field based on different synthesis approaches and various surface functionalisation materials was discussed. Firstly, a brief introduction on the MNP properties, such as physical, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties, is provided. Considering that the surface chemistry of MNPs plays an important role in the practical implementation of in vitro and in vivo applications, this review then focuses on several predominant synthesis methods and variations in the synthesis parameters of MNPs. The encapsulation of MNPs with organic and inorganic materials is also discussed. Finally, the most common in vivo and in vitro applications in the biomedical world are elucidated. This review aims to deliver concise information to new researchers in this field, guide them in selecting appropriate synthesis techniques for MNPs, and to enhance the surface chemistry of MNPs for their interests.https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/6/4/68magnetiteFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>magnetite nanoparticlesbiomedical application |
| spellingShingle | Lokesh Srinath Ganapathe Mohd Ambri Mohamed Rozan Mohamad Yunus Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: From Synthesis to Surface Functionalisation Magnetochemistry magnetite Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetite nanoparticles biomedical application |
| title | Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: From Synthesis to Surface Functionalisation |
| title_full | Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: From Synthesis to Surface Functionalisation |
| title_fullStr | Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: From Synthesis to Surface Functionalisation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: From Synthesis to Surface Functionalisation |
| title_short | Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: From Synthesis to Surface Functionalisation |
| title_sort | magnetite fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub nanoparticles in biomedical application from synthesis to surface functionalisation |
| topic | magnetite Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetite nanoparticles biomedical application |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/6/4/68 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lokeshsrinathganapathe magnetitefesub3subosub4subnanoparticlesinbiomedicalapplicationfromsynthesistosurfacefunctionalisation AT mohdambrimohamed magnetitefesub3subosub4subnanoparticlesinbiomedicalapplicationfromsynthesistosurfacefunctionalisation AT rozanmohamadyunus magnetitefesub3subosub4subnanoparticlesinbiomedicalapplicationfromsynthesistosurfacefunctionalisation AT dilladuryhaberhanuddin magnetitefesub3subosub4subnanoparticlesinbiomedicalapplicationfromsynthesistosurfacefunctionalisation |