Co-Solvent Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Biocrude Upgrading
This study reports the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae <i>Spirulina platenesis</i> in the presence of alcohol or formic acid co-solvents. HTL runs are performed in a 1.8-L batch reactor at 300 °C using an alcohol (methanol and ethanol) or formic acid co-solvent. Consequentl...
| المؤلفون الرئيسيون: | , , |
|---|---|
| التنسيق: | مقال |
| اللغة: | English |
| منشور في: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| سلاسل: | Fuels |
| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/3/2/20 |
| _version_ | 1827660311266590720 |
|---|---|
| author | Umakanta Jena Blessing E. Eboibi K. C. Das |
| author_facet | Umakanta Jena Blessing E. Eboibi K. C. Das |
| author_sort | Umakanta Jena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae <i>Spirulina platenesis</i> in the presence of alcohol or formic acid co-solvents. HTL runs are performed in a 1.8-L batch reactor at 300 °C using an alcohol (methanol and ethanol) or formic acid co-solvent. Consequently, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of resultant algal biocrude is performed at 350 °C for 2 h under high hydrogen pressure (~725 psi) using the Ru/C catalyst. The HTL results are compared with the control HTL run performed in water only. The results of the study show that the addition of co-solvents leads to a 30–63% increased biocrude yield over the control HTL run. Formic acid results in a 59.0% yield of biocrude, the highest amongst all co-solvents tested. Resultant biocrudes from formic acid-assisted and ethanol-assisted HTL runs have 21.6% and 3.8–11.0% higher energy content, respectively, than that of the control run. However, that of the methanol-assisted HTL results in biocrude with 4.2–9.0% lower energy density. Viscosity of biocrude from methanol- or ethanol-assisted HTL is higher than the control HTL but formic acid-assisted HTL results in a less viscous biocrude product. In addition, the HDO study leads to a 40.6% yield of upgraded oil, which is characterized by a higher net energy content and lower O/C and N/C ratios when compared to the initial HTL biocrude. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:46:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b5fdde65958a4d90b64cc1b05d43bef9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:46:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fuels |
| spelling | doaj.art-b5fdde65958a4d90b64cc1b05d43bef92023-11-23T16:43:18ZengMDPI AGFuels2673-39942022-05-013232634110.3390/fuels3020020Co-Solvent Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Biocrude UpgradingUmakanta Jena0Blessing E. Eboibi1K. C. Das2College of Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88011, USADepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Delta State University, Oleh Campus, Oleh P.M.B. 22, Delta State, NigeriaCollege of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAThis study reports the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae <i>Spirulina platenesis</i> in the presence of alcohol or formic acid co-solvents. HTL runs are performed in a 1.8-L batch reactor at 300 °C using an alcohol (methanol and ethanol) or formic acid co-solvent. Consequently, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of resultant algal biocrude is performed at 350 °C for 2 h under high hydrogen pressure (~725 psi) using the Ru/C catalyst. The HTL results are compared with the control HTL run performed in water only. The results of the study show that the addition of co-solvents leads to a 30–63% increased biocrude yield over the control HTL run. Formic acid results in a 59.0% yield of biocrude, the highest amongst all co-solvents tested. Resultant biocrudes from formic acid-assisted and ethanol-assisted HTL runs have 21.6% and 3.8–11.0% higher energy content, respectively, than that of the control run. However, that of the methanol-assisted HTL results in biocrude with 4.2–9.0% lower energy density. Viscosity of biocrude from methanol- or ethanol-assisted HTL is higher than the control HTL but formic acid-assisted HTL results in a less viscous biocrude product. In addition, the HDO study leads to a 40.6% yield of upgraded oil, which is characterized by a higher net energy content and lower O/C and N/C ratios when compared to the initial HTL biocrude.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/3/2/20algaehydrothermal liquefactionbiocrudeco-solventhydrodeoxygenation |
| spellingShingle | Umakanta Jena Blessing E. Eboibi K. C. Das Co-Solvent Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Biocrude Upgrading Fuels algae hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude co-solvent hydrodeoxygenation |
| title | Co-Solvent Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Biocrude Upgrading |
| title_full | Co-Solvent Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Biocrude Upgrading |
| title_fullStr | Co-Solvent Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Biocrude Upgrading |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-Solvent Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Biocrude Upgrading |
| title_short | Co-Solvent Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Biocrude Upgrading |
| title_sort | co solvent assisted hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass and biocrude upgrading |
| topic | algae hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude co-solvent hydrodeoxygenation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/3/2/20 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT umakantajena cosolventassistedhydrothermalliquefactionofalgalbiomassandbiocrudeupgrading AT blessingeeboibi cosolventassistedhydrothermalliquefactionofalgalbiomassandbiocrudeupgrading AT kcdas cosolventassistedhydrothermalliquefactionofalgalbiomassandbiocrudeupgrading |