Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail Run
Research on hyponatremia during mountain marathons is scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia during a 44-km trail running race that reached an altitude of 2780 m (Olympus Marathon). Sixty-two runners (five women) who completed the race parti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/997 |
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| author | Giannis Arnaoutis Costas A. Anastasiou HyunGyu Suh Maria Maraki Yiannis Tsekouras Emmanouel Dimitroulis Marcos Echegaray Dimitra Papamichalopoulou Spyridon Methenitis Labros S. Sidossis Stavros A. Kavouras |
| author_facet | Giannis Arnaoutis Costas A. Anastasiou HyunGyu Suh Maria Maraki Yiannis Tsekouras Emmanouel Dimitroulis Marcos Echegaray Dimitra Papamichalopoulou Spyridon Methenitis Labros S. Sidossis Stavros A. Kavouras |
| author_sort | Giannis Arnaoutis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Research on hyponatremia during mountain marathons is scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia during a 44-km trail running race that reached an altitude of 2780 m (Olympus Marathon). Sixty-two runners (five women) who completed the race participated in the study (age: 34.4 ± 8.6 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; and weight: 75.3 ± 10.0 kg). Anthropometric characteristics, blood, and urine samples were collected pre- and post-race. Food and fluid intake were recorded at each checkpoint. Due to race regulations, the runners could not carry any additional food and fluids besides the ones provided at specific checkpoints. Five runners (8%) exhibited asymptomatic hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mmol∙L<sup>−1</sup>). Serum sodium in the hyponatremic runners decreased from 138.4 ± 0.9 (pre) to 131.4 ± 5.0 mmol∙L<sup>−1</sup> (post), <i>p</i> < 0.05. Plasma osmolality increased only in the eunatremic runners (pre: 290 ± 3; post: 295 ± 6 mmol∙kg<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Plasma volume decreased more in the hyponatremic compared to eunatremic runners (−4.4 ± 2.0 vs. −3.2 ± 1.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Lastly, dietary sodium intake was lower in the hyponatremic runners compared to eunatremic (789 ± 813 vs. 906 ± 672 mg; <i>p</i> < 0.05). The incidence of hyponatremia among the athletes was relatively low, possibly due to race conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:42:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b61f3490830f444583e50b002f1332d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:42:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-b61f3490830f444583e50b002f1332d42023-11-19T20:38:20ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-04-0112499710.3390/nu12040997Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail RunGiannis Arnaoutis0Costas A. Anastasiou1HyunGyu Suh2Maria Maraki3Yiannis Tsekouras4Emmanouel Dimitroulis5Marcos Echegaray6Dimitra Papamichalopoulou7Spyridon Methenitis8Labros S. Sidossis9Stavros A. Kavouras10Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceHydration Science Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USASchool of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, 00736 Cayey, Puerto RicoDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceSchool of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525, USAHydration Science Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USAResearch on hyponatremia during mountain marathons is scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia during a 44-km trail running race that reached an altitude of 2780 m (Olympus Marathon). Sixty-two runners (five women) who completed the race participated in the study (age: 34.4 ± 8.6 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; and weight: 75.3 ± 10.0 kg). Anthropometric characteristics, blood, and urine samples were collected pre- and post-race. Food and fluid intake were recorded at each checkpoint. Due to race regulations, the runners could not carry any additional food and fluids besides the ones provided at specific checkpoints. Five runners (8%) exhibited asymptomatic hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mmol∙L<sup>−1</sup>). Serum sodium in the hyponatremic runners decreased from 138.4 ± 0.9 (pre) to 131.4 ± 5.0 mmol∙L<sup>−1</sup> (post), <i>p</i> < 0.05. Plasma osmolality increased only in the eunatremic runners (pre: 290 ± 3; post: 295 ± 6 mmol∙kg<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Plasma volume decreased more in the hyponatremic compared to eunatremic runners (−4.4 ± 2.0 vs. −3.2 ± 1.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Lastly, dietary sodium intake was lower in the hyponatremic runners compared to eunatremic (789 ± 813 vs. 906 ± 672 mg; <i>p</i> < 0.05). The incidence of hyponatremia among the athletes was relatively low, possibly due to race conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/997fluid balancedehydrationunderhydrationelectrolyte disorderswater intake |
| spellingShingle | Giannis Arnaoutis Costas A. Anastasiou HyunGyu Suh Maria Maraki Yiannis Tsekouras Emmanouel Dimitroulis Marcos Echegaray Dimitra Papamichalopoulou Spyridon Methenitis Labros S. Sidossis Stavros A. Kavouras Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail Run Nutrients fluid balance dehydration underhydration electrolyte disorders water intake |
| title | Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail Run |
| title_full | Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail Run |
| title_fullStr | Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail Run |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail Run |
| title_short | Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail Run |
| title_sort | exercise associated hyponatremia during the olympus marathon ultra endurance trail run |
| topic | fluid balance dehydration underhydration electrolyte disorders water intake |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/997 |
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