Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño <i>Arbutus xalapensis</i> Kunth, tázcate <i>Juniperus deppeana</i> Steud, and encino colorado <i>Quercus sideroxyla&l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/447 |
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| author | Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García Sarai Ramos-Vargas Benedicto Vargas-Larreta Omar Masera-Cerutti Maginot Ngangyo-Heya Artemio Carrillo-Parra |
| author_facet | Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García Sarai Ramos-Vargas Benedicto Vargas-Larreta Omar Masera-Cerutti Maginot Ngangyo-Heya Artemio Carrillo-Parra |
| author_sort | Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño <i>Arbutus xalapensis</i> Kunth, tázcate <i>Juniperus deppeana</i> Steud, and encino colorado <i>Quercus sideroxyla</i> Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity generation wood camp stove (EGWCS)) in order to determine the reduction of footprint carbon. In accordance with conventional methodologies, we determined the extracts and chemical components (lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), and the immediate analyses were carried out (volatile materials, fixed carbon, ash content and microanalysis of said ash), as well as the evaluation of emission factors (total suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC)). The results were statistically analyzed to compare each variable among species and gasifiers. The raw material analyzed showed how the pH ranged from 5.01 to 5.57, and the ash content ranged between 0.39 and 0.53%. The content values of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, 0.18 to 0.19, 0.38 to 0.84, 1.75 to 1.90, and 3.62 to 3.74 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The extractive ranges from cyclohexane were 2.48–4.79%, acetone 2.42–4.08%, methanol 3.17–7.99%, and hot water 2.12–4.83%. The range of lignin was 18.08–28.60%. The cellulose content ranged from 43.30 to 53.90%, and holocellulose from 53.50 to 64.02%. The volatile material range was 81.2–87.42%, while fixed carbon was 11.30–17.48%; the higher heating value (HHV) of raw material and pellets presented the ranges 17.68–20.21 and 19.72–21.81 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Thermal efficiency showed statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between pellets and gasifiers, with an average of 31% Tier 3 in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for the T-LUD and 14% (ISO Tier 1) for EGWCS, with <i>Arbutus xalapensis</i> being the species with the highest energy yield. The use of improved combustion devices, as well as that of selected raw material species, can reduce the impact of global warming by up to 33% on a cooking task compared to the three-stone burner. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:33:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b62418d876f844ee98d79e8bd96d4168 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:33:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-b62418d876f844ee98d79e8bd96d41682023-11-21T14:30:01ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-04-0112444710.3390/f12040447Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End UseMiguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles0Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García1Sarai Ramos-Vargas2Benedicto Vargas-Larreta3Omar Masera-Cerutti4Maginot Ngangyo-Heya5Artemio Carrillo-Parra6Sustainable Forest Development Master of Science Program, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de El Salto, El Salto, Pueblo Nuevo 34942, MexicoBioenergy Laboratory and Bioenergy Innovation and Assessment Laboratory (LINEB), Ecosystems Research Institute and Sustainability (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia 58190, MexicoBioenergy Laboratory and Bioenergy Innovation and Assessment Laboratory (LINEB), Ecosystems Research Institute and Sustainability (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia 58190, MexicoSustainable Forest Development Master of Science Program, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de El Salto, El Salto, Pueblo Nuevo 34942, MexicoBioenergy Laboratory and Bioenergy Innovation and Assessment Laboratory (LINEB), Ecosystems Research Institute and Sustainability (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia 58190, MexicoFaculty of Agronomy (FA), Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco Villa s/n, Col. Ex-Hacienda “El Canadá”, Escobedo 66050, MexicoInstitute of Silviculture and Wood Industry (ISIMA), Juarez University of the State of Durango (UJED), Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de Investigación, Durango 34120, MexicoThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño <i>Arbutus xalapensis</i> Kunth, tázcate <i>Juniperus deppeana</i> Steud, and encino colorado <i>Quercus sideroxyla</i> Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity generation wood camp stove (EGWCS)) in order to determine the reduction of footprint carbon. In accordance with conventional methodologies, we determined the extracts and chemical components (lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), and the immediate analyses were carried out (volatile materials, fixed carbon, ash content and microanalysis of said ash), as well as the evaluation of emission factors (total suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC)). The results were statistically analyzed to compare each variable among species and gasifiers. The raw material analyzed showed how the pH ranged from 5.01 to 5.57, and the ash content ranged between 0.39 and 0.53%. The content values of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, 0.18 to 0.19, 0.38 to 0.84, 1.75 to 1.90, and 3.62 to 3.74 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The extractive ranges from cyclohexane were 2.48–4.79%, acetone 2.42–4.08%, methanol 3.17–7.99%, and hot water 2.12–4.83%. The range of lignin was 18.08–28.60%. The cellulose content ranged from 43.30 to 53.90%, and holocellulose from 53.50 to 64.02%. The volatile material range was 81.2–87.42%, while fixed carbon was 11.30–17.48%; the higher heating value (HHV) of raw material and pellets presented the ranges 17.68–20.21 and 19.72–21.81 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Thermal efficiency showed statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between pellets and gasifiers, with an average of 31% Tier 3 in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for the T-LUD and 14% (ISO Tier 1) for EGWCS, with <i>Arbutus xalapensis</i> being the species with the highest energy yield. The use of improved combustion devices, as well as that of selected raw material species, can reduce the impact of global warming by up to 33% on a cooking task compared to the three-stone burner.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/447wood biomasswood pelletsGHGCO<sub>2</sub>egasificationPM<sub>2.5</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García Sarai Ramos-Vargas Benedicto Vargas-Larreta Omar Masera-Cerutti Maginot Ngangyo-Heya Artemio Carrillo-Parra Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use Forests wood biomass wood pellets GHG CO<sub>2</sub>e gasification PM<sub>2.5</sub> |
| title | Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use |
| title_full | Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use |
| title_short | Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use |
| title_sort | assessment of pellets from three forest species from raw material to end use |
| topic | wood biomass wood pellets GHG CO<sub>2</sub>e gasification PM<sub>2.5</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/447 |
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