Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), Estonia
The reefs of the Vasalemma Formation, late Sandbian, Late Ordovician, of northern Estonia contain an exceptionally rich and abundant bryozoan fauna. They are an example of contemporaneous bryozoan-rich reefs known from around the world, representing the peak diversification interval of this group du...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Estonian Academy Publishers
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-1-2023-137_20230611101827.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827926277301993472 |
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| author | Björn Köger Andrej Ernst Amelia Penny Hans Arne Nakrem Ursula Toom |
| author_facet | Björn Köger Andrej Ernst Amelia Penny Hans Arne Nakrem Ursula Toom |
| author_sort | Björn Köger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The reefs of the Vasalemma Formation, late Sandbian, Late Ordovician, of northern Estonia contain an exceptionally rich and abundant bryozoan fauna. They are an example of contemporaneous bryozoan-rich reefs known from around the world, representing the peak diversification interval of this group during the Ordovician. The diversification is associated with global climatic cooling and increasing atmospheric and sea water oxygenation. However, the mechanisms that led to the bryozoan diversification are poorly known. Here we estimate the bryozoan richness (α and γ diversity) and turnover (β diversity) at the level of samples, reefs, and formations in the Vasalemma Formation. The resulting richness and turnover values differ among the three observational levels and hence are scale dependent. A pattern with lowest between-reef turnover and relatively high between-sample turnover could be detected, reflecting high small-scale (within reef) heterogeneities in lithology and original bryozoan habitat. This is consistent with the hypothesis that small-scale substrate heterogeneity was the most important diversification driver in the Vasalemma Formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:35:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b62885b13a7a4254b781a33165b798f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1736-4728 1736-7557 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:35:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Estonian Academy Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b62885b13a7a4254b781a33165b798f72023-06-14T07:33:30ZengEstonian Academy PublishersEstonian Journal of Earth Sciences1736-47281736-75572023-06-017211370https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2023.47https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2023.47Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), EstoniaBjörn Köger0Andrej Ernst1Amelia Penny2Hans Arne Nakrem3Ursula Toom4Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 44, Fi-00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Geology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, D-20146 Hamburg, GermanyCentre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, Sir Harold Mitchell Building and Dyers Brae, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, UKNatural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Geology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; ursula.toom@taltech.eeThe reefs of the Vasalemma Formation, late Sandbian, Late Ordovician, of northern Estonia contain an exceptionally rich and abundant bryozoan fauna. They are an example of contemporaneous bryozoan-rich reefs known from around the world, representing the peak diversification interval of this group during the Ordovician. The diversification is associated with global climatic cooling and increasing atmospheric and sea water oxygenation. However, the mechanisms that led to the bryozoan diversification are poorly known. Here we estimate the bryozoan richness (α and γ diversity) and turnover (β diversity) at the level of samples, reefs, and formations in the Vasalemma Formation. The resulting richness and turnover values differ among the three observational levels and hence are scale dependent. A pattern with lowest between-reef turnover and relatively high between-sample turnover could be detected, reflecting high small-scale (within reef) heterogeneities in lithology and original bryozoan habitat. This is consistent with the hypothesis that small-scale substrate heterogeneity was the most important diversification driver in the Vasalemma Formation.https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-1-2023-137_20230611101827.pdfdiversity partitioningrichnessbalticabryozoan reefsreef clustering |
| spellingShingle | Björn Köger Andrej Ernst Amelia Penny Hans Arne Nakrem Ursula Toom Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), Estonia Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences diversity partitioning richness baltica bryozoan reefs reef clustering |
| title | Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), Estonia |
| title_full | Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), Estonia |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), Estonia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), Estonia |
| title_short | Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), Estonia |
| title_sort | diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the vasalemma formation late ordovician estonia |
| topic | diversity partitioning richness baltica bryozoan reefs reef clustering |
| url | https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-1-2023-137_20230611101827.pdf |
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