Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings
Crude jatropha oil (JO) was modified to form jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) via two steps in a chemical reaction known as epoxidation and hydroxylation. JOL was then reacted with isocyanates to produce JO-based polyurethane resin. In this study, two types of isocyanates, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1494 |
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| author | Nurul Huda Mudri Luqman Chuah Abdullah Min Min Aung Mek Zah Salleh Dayang Radiah Awang Biak Marwah Rayung |
| author_facet | Nurul Huda Mudri Luqman Chuah Abdullah Min Min Aung Mek Zah Salleh Dayang Radiah Awang Biak Marwah Rayung |
| author_sort | Nurul Huda Mudri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Crude jatropha oil (JO) was modified to form jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) via two steps in a chemical reaction known as epoxidation and hydroxylation. JOL was then reacted with isocyanates to produce JO-based polyurethane resin. In this study, two types of isocyanates, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were introduced to produce JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI respectively. 2,4-TDI is categorised as an aromatic isocyanate whilst IPDI is known as a cycloaliphatic isocyanate. Both JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI were then end-capped by the acrylate functional group of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The effects of that isocyanate structure were investigated for their physico, chemical and thermal properties. The changes of the functional groups during each synthesis step were monitored by FTIR analysis. The appearance of urethane peaks was observed at 1532 cm<sup>−1</sup>, 1718 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 3369 cm<sup>−1</sup> while acrylate peaks were detected at 815 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 1663 cm<sup>−1</sup> indicating that JPUA was successfully synthesised. It was found that the molar mass of JPUA-TDI was doubled compared to JPUA-IPDI. Each resin showed a similar degradation pattern analysed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). For the mechanical properties, the JPUA-IPDI-based coating formulation exhibited a higher hardness value but poor adhesion compared to the JPUA-TDI-based coating formulation. Both types of jatropha-based polyurethane acrylate may potentially be used in an ultraviolet (UV) curing system specifically for clear coat surface applications to replace dependency on petroleum-based chemicals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:41:51Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b62bb4dc5b0b4858a1fa6cb687e0ae42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:41:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-b62bb4dc5b0b4858a1fa6cb687e0ae422023-11-20T05:49:12ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-07-01127149410.3390/polym12071494Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate CoatingsNurul Huda Mudri0Luqman Chuah Abdullah1Min Min Aung2Mek Zah Salleh3Dayang Radiah Awang Biak4Marwah Rayung5Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaRadiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaCrude jatropha oil (JO) was modified to form jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) via two steps in a chemical reaction known as epoxidation and hydroxylation. JOL was then reacted with isocyanates to produce JO-based polyurethane resin. In this study, two types of isocyanates, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were introduced to produce JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI respectively. 2,4-TDI is categorised as an aromatic isocyanate whilst IPDI is known as a cycloaliphatic isocyanate. Both JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI were then end-capped by the acrylate functional group of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The effects of that isocyanate structure were investigated for their physico, chemical and thermal properties. The changes of the functional groups during each synthesis step were monitored by FTIR analysis. The appearance of urethane peaks was observed at 1532 cm<sup>−1</sup>, 1718 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 3369 cm<sup>−1</sup> while acrylate peaks were detected at 815 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 1663 cm<sup>−1</sup> indicating that JPUA was successfully synthesised. It was found that the molar mass of JPUA-TDI was doubled compared to JPUA-IPDI. Each resin showed a similar degradation pattern analysed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). For the mechanical properties, the JPUA-IPDI-based coating formulation exhibited a higher hardness value but poor adhesion compared to the JPUA-TDI-based coating formulation. Both types of jatropha-based polyurethane acrylate may potentially be used in an ultraviolet (UV) curing system specifically for clear coat surface applications to replace dependency on petroleum-based chemicals.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1494jatropha oilpolyurethane acrylate2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI)isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)UV curing |
| spellingShingle | Nurul Huda Mudri Luqman Chuah Abdullah Min Min Aung Mek Zah Salleh Dayang Radiah Awang Biak Marwah Rayung Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings Polymers jatropha oil polyurethane acrylate 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) UV curing |
| title | Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings |
| title_full | Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings |
| title_short | Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings |
| title_sort | comparative study of aromatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate effects on physico chemical properties of bio based polyurethane acrylate coatings |
| topic | jatropha oil polyurethane acrylate 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) UV curing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1494 |
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