<i>Metarhizium carneum</i> Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Tomato Plants
The increase in the populations of root-knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> in various vegetables such as tomatoes grown under greenhouse conditions as well as increasing restrictions on the use of certain chemical nematicides have led to the search for new, effective management...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Serija: | Plants |
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| Online pristup: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3431 |
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| author | Daniel López-Lima David Alarcón-Utrera José Ángel Ordáz-Meléndez Luc Villain Gloria Carrión |
| author_facet | Daniel López-Lima David Alarcón-Utrera José Ángel Ordáz-Meléndez Luc Villain Gloria Carrión |
| author_sort | Daniel López-Lima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increase in the populations of root-knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> in various vegetables such as tomatoes grown under greenhouse conditions as well as increasing restrictions on the use of certain chemical nematicides have led to the search for new, effective management strategies, preferably ones that are sustainable biological alternatives. In this work, two formulations of the nematophagous fungus <i>Metarhizium carneum</i>, one concentrated suspension and one wettable powder, were evaluated under greenhouse conditions to reduce the <i>M. enterolobii</i> infestation in tomato plants. In addition, the effectiveness of the liquid formulation of <i>M. carneum</i> was compared with two biological and three chemical commercial nematicides. The results show that the two <i>M. carneum</i> formulations reduced the <i>M. enterolobii</i> population density by 78 and 66% in relation to the control treatment. In comparison, the liquid formulation of <i>M. carneum</i> and <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> treatments reduced nematode population density by 72 and 43%, respectively, while for metam sodium preplanting applications followed by <i>M. carneum</i> applications during the tomato growth stage, the reduction was 96%. The alternate use of some chemical compounds plus the application of <i>M. carneum</i> as a biocontrol is a good starting strategy for managing <i>M. enterolobii</i> populations. These results confirm that <i>M. carneum</i> is a serious candidate for the short-term commercialization of an environmentally friendly biological nematicide. |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:38:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-b63e892287cf48498a5f9dc1f903f94b2023-11-19T14:54:18ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011219343110.3390/plants12193431<i>Metarhizium carneum</i> Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Tomato PlantsDaniel López-Lima0David Alarcón-Utrera1José Ángel Ordáz-Meléndez2Luc Villain3Gloria Carrión4Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, MexicoCentre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR DIADE, 34398 Montpellier, FranceInstituto de Ecología, A.C. Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Xalapa 91073, MexicoThe increase in the populations of root-knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> in various vegetables such as tomatoes grown under greenhouse conditions as well as increasing restrictions on the use of certain chemical nematicides have led to the search for new, effective management strategies, preferably ones that are sustainable biological alternatives. In this work, two formulations of the nematophagous fungus <i>Metarhizium carneum</i>, one concentrated suspension and one wettable powder, were evaluated under greenhouse conditions to reduce the <i>M. enterolobii</i> infestation in tomato plants. In addition, the effectiveness of the liquid formulation of <i>M. carneum</i> was compared with two biological and three chemical commercial nematicides. The results show that the two <i>M. carneum</i> formulations reduced the <i>M. enterolobii</i> population density by 78 and 66% in relation to the control treatment. In comparison, the liquid formulation of <i>M. carneum</i> and <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> treatments reduced nematode population density by 72 and 43%, respectively, while for metam sodium preplanting applications followed by <i>M. carneum</i> applications during the tomato growth stage, the reduction was 96%. The alternate use of some chemical compounds plus the application of <i>M. carneum</i> as a biocontrol is a good starting strategy for managing <i>M. enterolobii</i> populations. These results confirm that <i>M. carneum</i> is a serious candidate for the short-term commercialization of an environmentally friendly biological nematicide.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3431biological nematicideplant-parasitic nematodesintegrated managementroot-knot nematode |
| spellingShingle | Daniel López-Lima David Alarcón-Utrera José Ángel Ordáz-Meléndez Luc Villain Gloria Carrión <i>Metarhizium carneum</i> Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Tomato Plants Plants biological nematicide plant-parasitic nematodes integrated management root-knot nematode |
| title | <i>Metarhizium carneum</i> Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Tomato Plants |
| title_full | <i>Metarhizium carneum</i> Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Tomato Plants |
| title_fullStr | <i>Metarhizium carneum</i> Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Tomato Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Metarhizium carneum</i> Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Tomato Plants |
| title_short | <i>Metarhizium carneum</i> Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Tomato Plants |
| title_sort | i metarhizium carneum i formulations a promising new biological control to be incorporated in the integrated management of i meloidogyne enterolobii i on tomato plants |
| topic | biological nematicide plant-parasitic nematodes integrated management root-knot nematode |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3431 |
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