Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development
The composition of mother’s milk is considered the ideal diet for neonates. This study investigated how conserved or variable the amino acid profile of sow colostrum and milk is throughout lactation, compared with other studies in sows and other species. Twenty-five sows (parity one to seven) from o...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/4/298 |
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| author | Renjie Yao An Cools Anneleen Matthijs Peter P. De Deyn Dominiek Maes Geert P. J. Janssens |
| author_facet | Renjie Yao An Cools Anneleen Matthijs Peter P. De Deyn Dominiek Maes Geert P. J. Janssens |
| author_sort | Renjie Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The composition of mother’s milk is considered the ideal diet for neonates. This study investigated how conserved or variable the amino acid profile of sow colostrum and milk is throughout lactation, compared with other studies in sows and other species. Twenty-five sows (parity one to seven) from one farm with gestation lengths of 114 to 116 d were sampled on d 0, 3, and 10 after parturition. The total amino acid profile of the samples was analyzed through ion-exchange chromatography, and the results were displayed as the percentage of total amino acid and compared with literature data. Most of the amino acid concentrations in sow milk decreased significantly (<i>p <</i> 0.05) throughout the lactation period, while the amino acid profile generally showed a conserved pattern, especially from d 3 to d 10, and was rather similar across different studies. Glutamine + glutamate was the most abundant amino acid in milk at all sampling moments, accounting for 14–17% of total amino acids. The proportions of proline, valine, and glycine in sow milk nearly accounted for 11%, 7%, and 6% respectively, and were higher compared to human, cow, and goat milk, while the methionine proportion was less than the other three. Compared to the large variations often reported in macronutrient concentrations, the amino acid profile of sow milk in the present study, as well as in others, seems well conserved across the lactation period. Similarities with characteristic differences were also observed between sow milk and piglet body composition, which might reflect the nutrition requirements of preweaning piglets. This study warrants further research exploring the link between the whole amino acid profile and the particular amino acids for suckling piglets and could facilitate insight for optimizing creep feed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:27:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b65aa3b2144f4bfe996dc66ea312fbd3 |
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| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:27:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b65aa3b2144f4bfe996dc66ea312fbd32023-11-17T21:44:00ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-04-0110429810.3390/vetsci10040298Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet DevelopmentRenjie Yao0An Cools1Anneleen Matthijs2Peter P. De Deyn3Dominiek Maes4Geert P. J. Janssens5Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumLaboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumThe composition of mother’s milk is considered the ideal diet for neonates. This study investigated how conserved or variable the amino acid profile of sow colostrum and milk is throughout lactation, compared with other studies in sows and other species. Twenty-five sows (parity one to seven) from one farm with gestation lengths of 114 to 116 d were sampled on d 0, 3, and 10 after parturition. The total amino acid profile of the samples was analyzed through ion-exchange chromatography, and the results were displayed as the percentage of total amino acid and compared with literature data. Most of the amino acid concentrations in sow milk decreased significantly (<i>p <</i> 0.05) throughout the lactation period, while the amino acid profile generally showed a conserved pattern, especially from d 3 to d 10, and was rather similar across different studies. Glutamine + glutamate was the most abundant amino acid in milk at all sampling moments, accounting for 14–17% of total amino acids. The proportions of proline, valine, and glycine in sow milk nearly accounted for 11%, 7%, and 6% respectively, and were higher compared to human, cow, and goat milk, while the methionine proportion was less than the other three. Compared to the large variations often reported in macronutrient concentrations, the amino acid profile of sow milk in the present study, as well as in others, seems well conserved across the lactation period. Similarities with characteristic differences were also observed between sow milk and piglet body composition, which might reflect the nutrition requirements of preweaning piglets. This study warrants further research exploring the link between the whole amino acid profile and the particular amino acids for suckling piglets and could facilitate insight for optimizing creep feed.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/4/298amino acidscolostrumsow milkcreep feed |
| spellingShingle | Renjie Yao An Cools Anneleen Matthijs Peter P. De Deyn Dominiek Maes Geert P. J. Janssens Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development Veterinary Sciences amino acids colostrum sow milk creep feed |
| title | Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development |
| title_full | Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development |
| title_fullStr | Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development |
| title_short | Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development |
| title_sort | peculiarities in the amino acid composition of sow colostrum and milk and their potential relevance to piglet development |
| topic | amino acids colostrum sow milk creep feed |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/4/298 |
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