Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonnei
There is a continuously increasing pressure associated with the appearance of Salmonella enterica Serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei) that have developed pathogenic multiple antibiotic resistance and the cost of cure and control of these enterobacteriaceae infections...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/14809.pdf |
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| author | Hussein A. Almehdar Nawal Abd El-Baky Ehab H. Mattar Raed Albiheyri Atif Bamagoos Abdullah Aljaddawi Vladimir N. Uversky Elrashdy M. Redwan |
| author_facet | Hussein A. Almehdar Nawal Abd El-Baky Ehab H. Mattar Raed Albiheyri Atif Bamagoos Abdullah Aljaddawi Vladimir N. Uversky Elrashdy M. Redwan |
| author_sort | Hussein A. Almehdar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a continuously increasing pressure associated with the appearance of Salmonella enterica Serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei) that have developed pathogenic multiple antibiotic resistance and the cost of cure and control of these enterobacteriaceae infections increases annually. The current report for first time demonstrated the distinguished antimicrobial action of camel lactoferrin (cLf) obtained from the milk of different clans of camel in Saudi Arabia against S. typhimurium and S. sonnei. These cLf subtypes showed comparable antimicrobial potential when tested against the two bacterial strains but were superior to either bovine (bLf) or human lactoferrin (hLf). The synergism between lactoferrins and antibiotics concerning their antibacterial efficacies against the two bacterial strains was evident. Exploring mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill S. typhimurium and S. sonnei revealed that cLf affects bacterial protein profile. Besides, it interacts with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and numerous membrane proteins of S. typhimurium and S. sonnei, with each bacterial strain possessing distinctive binding membrane proteins for lactoferrin. Furthermore, as evidenced by electron microscopy analysis, cLf induces extracellular and intracellular morphological changes in the test bacterial strains when used alone or in combination treatment with antibiotics. Lactoferrin and antibiotics combination strongly disrupts the integrity of the bacterial cells and their membranes. Therefore, cLf can kill S. typhimurium and S. sonnei by four different mechanisms, such as iron chelation, affecting some bacterial proteins, binding to bacterial LPS and membrane proteins, and impairing the integrity of the bacterial cells and their membranes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:58:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b66b3a4df1164b439d33f8e4b5462ea7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:58:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-b66b3a4df1164b439d33f8e4b5462ea72023-12-03T09:59:37ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-01-0111e1480910.7717/peerj.14809Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonneiHussein A. Almehdar0Nawal Abd El-Baky1Ehab H. Mattar2Raed Albiheyri3Atif Bamagoos4Abdullah Aljaddawi5Vladimir N. Uversky6Elrashdy M. Redwan7Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaTherapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, EgyptDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaThere is a continuously increasing pressure associated with the appearance of Salmonella enterica Serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei) that have developed pathogenic multiple antibiotic resistance and the cost of cure and control of these enterobacteriaceae infections increases annually. The current report for first time demonstrated the distinguished antimicrobial action of camel lactoferrin (cLf) obtained from the milk of different clans of camel in Saudi Arabia against S. typhimurium and S. sonnei. These cLf subtypes showed comparable antimicrobial potential when tested against the two bacterial strains but were superior to either bovine (bLf) or human lactoferrin (hLf). The synergism between lactoferrins and antibiotics concerning their antibacterial efficacies against the two bacterial strains was evident. Exploring mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill S. typhimurium and S. sonnei revealed that cLf affects bacterial protein profile. Besides, it interacts with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and numerous membrane proteins of S. typhimurium and S. sonnei, with each bacterial strain possessing distinctive binding membrane proteins for lactoferrin. Furthermore, as evidenced by electron microscopy analysis, cLf induces extracellular and intracellular morphological changes in the test bacterial strains when used alone or in combination treatment with antibiotics. Lactoferrin and antibiotics combination strongly disrupts the integrity of the bacterial cells and their membranes. Therefore, cLf can kill S. typhimurium and S. sonnei by four different mechanisms, such as iron chelation, affecting some bacterial proteins, binding to bacterial LPS and membrane proteins, and impairing the integrity of the bacterial cells and their membranes.https://peerj.com/articles/14809.pdfCamel milkLactoferrinAntibacterialSalmonella typhimuriumShigella sonnei |
| spellingShingle | Hussein A. Almehdar Nawal Abd El-Baky Ehab H. Mattar Raed Albiheyri Atif Bamagoos Abdullah Aljaddawi Vladimir N. Uversky Elrashdy M. Redwan Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonnei PeerJ Camel milk Lactoferrin Antibacterial Salmonella typhimurium Shigella sonnei |
| title | Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonnei |
| title_full | Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonnei |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonnei |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonnei |
| title_short | Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonnei |
| title_sort | exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and shigella sonnei |
| topic | Camel milk Lactoferrin Antibacterial Salmonella typhimurium Shigella sonnei |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/14809.pdf |
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