A Box-Behnken Design for Optimal Green Extraction of Compounds from Olive Leaves That Potentially Activate the AMPK Pathway
Olive leaves contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which decreases intracellular lipid accumulation. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a green extraction technique that is frequently used in the recovery of phenolic compounds from plan...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4620 |
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| author | Beatriz Martín-García Sandra Pimentel-Moral Ana María Gómez-Caravaca David Arráez-Román Antonio Segura-Carretero |
| author_facet | Beatriz Martín-García Sandra Pimentel-Moral Ana María Gómez-Caravaca David Arráez-Román Antonio Segura-Carretero |
| author_sort | Beatriz Martín-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Olive leaves contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which decreases intracellular lipid accumulation. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a green extraction technique that is frequently used in the recovery of phenolic compounds from plants. Thus, in this study, a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize MAE conditions such as temperature, percentage of ethanol and extraction time to obtain the maximum content of total compounds and compounds that activate AMPK. To this end, all extracts were characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS). The optimum conditions to obtain the highest content of total compounds were 123 °C, 100% of ethanol/water (<i>v/v</i>) and 23 min, whereas the optimum conditions for the highest amount of compounds that activate AMPK were 111 °C, 42% of ethanol/water (<i>v/v</i>) and 23 min. Thus, a multi-analysis by desirability was carried out to establish MAE optimal conditions for both responses. The optimum conditions were 111 °C, 100% EtOH and 23 min with a desirability of 0.97, which means that the responses are close to their individual optimal values. As a result, the olive leaf extract obtained at these optimal MAE conditions has great potential to be effective in the treatment of obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:42:48Z |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:42:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b66f8decea8443ac9cf5afbf4a2684f42023-11-20T05:45:12ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-07-011013462010.3390/app10134620A Box-Behnken Design for Optimal Green Extraction of Compounds from Olive Leaves That Potentially Activate the AMPK PathwayBeatriz Martín-García0Sandra Pimentel-Moral1Ana María Gómez-Caravaca2David Arráez-Román3Antonio Segura-Carretero4Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainOlive leaves contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which decreases intracellular lipid accumulation. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a green extraction technique that is frequently used in the recovery of phenolic compounds from plants. Thus, in this study, a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize MAE conditions such as temperature, percentage of ethanol and extraction time to obtain the maximum content of total compounds and compounds that activate AMPK. To this end, all extracts were characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS). The optimum conditions to obtain the highest content of total compounds were 123 °C, 100% of ethanol/water (<i>v/v</i>) and 23 min, whereas the optimum conditions for the highest amount of compounds that activate AMPK were 111 °C, 42% of ethanol/water (<i>v/v</i>) and 23 min. Thus, a multi-analysis by desirability was carried out to establish MAE optimal conditions for both responses. The optimum conditions were 111 °C, 100% EtOH and 23 min with a desirability of 0.97, which means that the responses are close to their individual optimal values. As a result, the olive leaf extract obtained at these optimal MAE conditions has great potential to be effective in the treatment of obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4620microwave-assisted extractionolive leavesHPLC-ESI-TOF-MSAMPKBox-Behnken design |
| spellingShingle | Beatriz Martín-García Sandra Pimentel-Moral Ana María Gómez-Caravaca David Arráez-Román Antonio Segura-Carretero A Box-Behnken Design for Optimal Green Extraction of Compounds from Olive Leaves That Potentially Activate the AMPK Pathway Applied Sciences microwave-assisted extraction olive leaves HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS AMPK Box-Behnken design |
| title | A Box-Behnken Design for Optimal Green Extraction of Compounds from Olive Leaves That Potentially Activate the AMPK Pathway |
| title_full | A Box-Behnken Design for Optimal Green Extraction of Compounds from Olive Leaves That Potentially Activate the AMPK Pathway |
| title_fullStr | A Box-Behnken Design for Optimal Green Extraction of Compounds from Olive Leaves That Potentially Activate the AMPK Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Box-Behnken Design for Optimal Green Extraction of Compounds from Olive Leaves That Potentially Activate the AMPK Pathway |
| title_short | A Box-Behnken Design for Optimal Green Extraction of Compounds from Olive Leaves That Potentially Activate the AMPK Pathway |
| title_sort | box behnken design for optimal green extraction of compounds from olive leaves that potentially activate the ampk pathway |
| topic | microwave-assisted extraction olive leaves HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS AMPK Box-Behnken design |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4620 |
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