Cross-Linking Characteristics, Morphology, Dynamics, and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polychloroprene/Polybutadiene/Nano-Zinc (CR/BR/nZn) Compositions with Reduced Fire Hazard
The properties of unconventional blends of crystallizable and thermo-cross-linkable polychloroprene (CR) with polybutadiene (BR) were investigated in this study. The compositions were prepared using the method of reactive processing and cross-linking in the presence of nano-sized zinc (nZn). The pur...
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/17/5804 |
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| author | Aleksandra Smejda-Krzewicka Przemysław Rybiński Witold Żukowski Dariusz Bradło Kinga Wencel Gabriela Berkowicz-Płatek |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Smejda-Krzewicka Przemysław Rybiński Witold Żukowski Dariusz Bradło Kinga Wencel Gabriela Berkowicz-Płatek |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Smejda-Krzewicka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The properties of unconventional blends of crystallizable and thermo-cross-linkable polychloroprene (CR) with polybutadiene (BR) were investigated in this study. The compositions were prepared using the method of reactive processing and cross-linking in the presence of nano-sized zinc (nZn). The purpose of the research was to assess the efficacy of nano-zinc as a curing agent of polychloroprene and polybutadiene (CR/BR) composites and to obtain rubber goods characterized by increased flame resistance. The blends were filled with nano-silica (aerosil) and fillers of natural origin (chalcedonite or silitin). The cross-linking process was characterized by determining the kinetics curves, the equilibrium swelling, and the Mooney–Rivlin elasticity constants. The morphology of the vulcanizate surface was specified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dynamic and mechanical properties, flammability, and toxicity of gaseous substances involved in thermal decomposition were determined. Mass changes and thermal effects were studied using simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). It was confirmed that nano-zinc is an efficient curing agent for the polychloroprene and polybutadiene compositions, with a satisfactory degree of cross-linking (α<sub>c</sub> = 0.10, CRI = 4.11 min<sup>−1</sup>), good mechanical strength (TS<sub>b</sub> = 5 MPa), satisfactory tear resistance (T<sub>s</sub> = 2.9 N/mm), and very high flame resistance (OI = 30%, HRR<sub>max</sub> = 283 kW/m<sup>2</sup>). Filled products could be used as non-combustible materials, confirming the low fire hazard (1/t<sub>flashover</sub> = 3.5–6.4 kW/m<sup>2</sup>∙s). The most effective filler of the tested composites was nano-sized silica. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:19:46Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b67acde1808a462eb5e350a7f83e533c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:19:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b67acde1808a462eb5e350a7f83e533c2023-11-19T08:26:12ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-08-011617580410.3390/ma16175804Cross-Linking Characteristics, Morphology, Dynamics, and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polychloroprene/Polybutadiene/Nano-Zinc (CR/BR/nZn) Compositions with Reduced Fire HazardAleksandra Smejda-Krzewicka0Przemysław Rybiński1Witold Żukowski2Dariusz Bradło3Kinga Wencel4Gabriela Berkowicz-Płatek5Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 16, 90-537 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, The Jan Kochanowski University, Żeromskiego Street 5, 25-369 Kielce, PolandDepartment of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Thermal Processes, Air Protection and Waste Utilization, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska Street 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandThe properties of unconventional blends of crystallizable and thermo-cross-linkable polychloroprene (CR) with polybutadiene (BR) were investigated in this study. The compositions were prepared using the method of reactive processing and cross-linking in the presence of nano-sized zinc (nZn). The purpose of the research was to assess the efficacy of nano-zinc as a curing agent of polychloroprene and polybutadiene (CR/BR) composites and to obtain rubber goods characterized by increased flame resistance. The blends were filled with nano-silica (aerosil) and fillers of natural origin (chalcedonite or silitin). The cross-linking process was characterized by determining the kinetics curves, the equilibrium swelling, and the Mooney–Rivlin elasticity constants. The morphology of the vulcanizate surface was specified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dynamic and mechanical properties, flammability, and toxicity of gaseous substances involved in thermal decomposition were determined. Mass changes and thermal effects were studied using simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). It was confirmed that nano-zinc is an efficient curing agent for the polychloroprene and polybutadiene compositions, with a satisfactory degree of cross-linking (α<sub>c</sub> = 0.10, CRI = 4.11 min<sup>−1</sup>), good mechanical strength (TS<sub>b</sub> = 5 MPa), satisfactory tear resistance (T<sub>s</sub> = 2.9 N/mm), and very high flame resistance (OI = 30%, HRR<sub>max</sub> = 283 kW/m<sup>2</sup>). Filled products could be used as non-combustible materials, confirming the low fire hazard (1/t<sub>flashover</sub> = 3.5–6.4 kW/m<sup>2</sup>∙s). The most effective filler of the tested composites was nano-sized silica.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/17/5804nano-zinccross-linkingpolychloroprenepolybutadienefire hazardtoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Smejda-Krzewicka Przemysław Rybiński Witold Żukowski Dariusz Bradło Kinga Wencel Gabriela Berkowicz-Płatek Cross-Linking Characteristics, Morphology, Dynamics, and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polychloroprene/Polybutadiene/Nano-Zinc (CR/BR/nZn) Compositions with Reduced Fire Hazard Materials nano-zinc cross-linking polychloroprene polybutadiene fire hazard toxicity |
| title | Cross-Linking Characteristics, Morphology, Dynamics, and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polychloroprene/Polybutadiene/Nano-Zinc (CR/BR/nZn) Compositions with Reduced Fire Hazard |
| title_full | Cross-Linking Characteristics, Morphology, Dynamics, and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polychloroprene/Polybutadiene/Nano-Zinc (CR/BR/nZn) Compositions with Reduced Fire Hazard |
| title_fullStr | Cross-Linking Characteristics, Morphology, Dynamics, and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polychloroprene/Polybutadiene/Nano-Zinc (CR/BR/nZn) Compositions with Reduced Fire Hazard |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-Linking Characteristics, Morphology, Dynamics, and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polychloroprene/Polybutadiene/Nano-Zinc (CR/BR/nZn) Compositions with Reduced Fire Hazard |
| title_short | Cross-Linking Characteristics, Morphology, Dynamics, and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polychloroprene/Polybutadiene/Nano-Zinc (CR/BR/nZn) Compositions with Reduced Fire Hazard |
| title_sort | cross linking characteristics morphology dynamics and mechanical and thermal properties of polychloroprene polybutadiene nano zinc cr br nzn compositions with reduced fire hazard |
| topic | nano-zinc cross-linking polychloroprene polybutadiene fire hazard toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/17/5804 |
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