Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs
The impact of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the immune response to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) needs further elucidation. We investigated BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effects concerning antibody seroconversion, inflammatory mediato...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3034 |
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| author | Valentina Mazziotti Francesco Crescenzo Agnese Tamanti Caterina Dapor Stefano Ziccardi Maddalena Guandalini Annalisa Colombi Valentina Camera Angela Peloso Francesco Pezzini Ermanna Turano Damiano Marastoni Massimiliano Calabrese |
| author_facet | Valentina Mazziotti Francesco Crescenzo Agnese Tamanti Caterina Dapor Stefano Ziccardi Maddalena Guandalini Annalisa Colombi Valentina Camera Angela Peloso Francesco Pezzini Ermanna Turano Damiano Marastoni Massimiliano Calabrese |
| author_sort | Valentina Mazziotti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The impact of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the immune response to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) needs further elucidation. We investigated BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effects concerning antibody seroconversion, inflammatory mediators’ level and immunophenotype assessment in pwMS treated with cladribine (c-pwMS, <i>n</i> = 29), fingolimod (f-pwMS, <i>n</i> = 15) and ocrelizumab (o-pwMS, <i>n</i> = 54). Anti-spike immunoglobulin (Ig)-G detection was performed by an enzyme immunoassay; molecular mediators (GrB, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were quantified using the ELLA platform, and immunophenotype was assessed by flow cytometry. ANCOVA, Student’s <i>t</i>-test and Pearson correlation analyses were applied. Only one o-pwMS showed a mild COVID-19 infection despite most o-pwMS lacking seroconversion and showing lower anti-spike IgG titers than c-pwMS and f-pwMS. No significant difference in cytokine production and lymphocyte count was observed in c-pwMS and f-pwMS. In contrast, in o-pwMS, a significant increase in GrB levels was detected after vaccination. Considering non-seroconverted o-pwMS, a significant increase in GrB serum levels and CD4+ T lymphocyte count was found after vaccination, and a negative correlation was observed between anti-spike IgG production and CD4+ T cells count. Differences in inflammatory mediators’ production after BNT162b2 vaccination in o-pwMS, specifically in those lacking anti-spike IgG, suggest a protective cellular immune response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:18:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b685a9dccdad47859d97850cc0eac11c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:18:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-b685a9dccdad47859d97850cc0eac11c2023-11-24T13:25:41ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-11-011012303410.3390/biomedicines10123034Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTsValentina Mazziotti0Francesco Crescenzo1Agnese Tamanti2Caterina Dapor3Stefano Ziccardi4Maddalena Guandalini5Annalisa Colombi6Valentina Camera7Angela Peloso8Francesco Pezzini9Ermanna Turano10Damiano Marastoni11Massimiliano Calabrese12Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyNeurology Unit, “Mater Salutis” Hospital, ULSS 9 Scaligera, 37045 Legnago, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyThe impact of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the immune response to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) needs further elucidation. We investigated BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effects concerning antibody seroconversion, inflammatory mediators’ level and immunophenotype assessment in pwMS treated with cladribine (c-pwMS, <i>n</i> = 29), fingolimod (f-pwMS, <i>n</i> = 15) and ocrelizumab (o-pwMS, <i>n</i> = 54). Anti-spike immunoglobulin (Ig)-G detection was performed by an enzyme immunoassay; molecular mediators (GrB, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were quantified using the ELLA platform, and immunophenotype was assessed by flow cytometry. ANCOVA, Student’s <i>t</i>-test and Pearson correlation analyses were applied. Only one o-pwMS showed a mild COVID-19 infection despite most o-pwMS lacking seroconversion and showing lower anti-spike IgG titers than c-pwMS and f-pwMS. No significant difference in cytokine production and lymphocyte count was observed in c-pwMS and f-pwMS. In contrast, in o-pwMS, a significant increase in GrB levels was detected after vaccination. Considering non-seroconverted o-pwMS, a significant increase in GrB serum levels and CD4+ T lymphocyte count was found after vaccination, and a negative correlation was observed between anti-spike IgG production and CD4+ T cells count. Differences in inflammatory mediators’ production after BNT162b2 vaccination in o-pwMS, specifically in those lacking anti-spike IgG, suggest a protective cellular immune response.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3034multiple sclerosisdisease-modifying therapiesCOVID-19vaccinationseroconversioncellular immune response |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Mazziotti Francesco Crescenzo Agnese Tamanti Caterina Dapor Stefano Ziccardi Maddalena Guandalini Annalisa Colombi Valentina Camera Angela Peloso Francesco Pezzini Ermanna Turano Damiano Marastoni Massimiliano Calabrese Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs Biomedicines multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies COVID-19 vaccination seroconversion cellular immune response |
| title | Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs |
| title_full | Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs |
| title_fullStr | Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs |
| title_short | Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs |
| title_sort | immune response after covid 19 mrna vaccination in multiple sclerosis patients treated with dmts |
| topic | multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies COVID-19 vaccination seroconversion cellular immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3034 |
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